Akodon cursor occurs in dense rainforest from northern (8° S) to southern (26° S) states along the Atlantic coast of Brazil. Previous karyological and molecular data revealed two major clades, one including northern (8-15° S) and the other southern (19-26° S) populations. The center of geographic distribution (15-20° S), which included the state of Espírito Santo, was identified as a potential vicariance region. Since river barriers are among the most discussed models in the study of Neotropical diversification, we examined whether the Rio Doce (19° S) plays an important role in shaping the population genetic divergence of A. cursor by including samples from Espírito Santo in the analysis. Our results showed that the northern-southern division region in Atlantic forest was no coincidence with the presence of the Rio Doce by refuting the hypothesis that this river is an effective barrier to gene flow between populations. Instead, we found evidence that isolation by geographical distance shaped the phylogeographical structure in the southern lineage. However, there is uncertainty about effectiveness of the processes involved and further studies based on wider sampling are needed.
Oprea, M., Brito, D., Vieira, T.B., Mendes, P., Lopes, S.R., Fonseca, R.M., Coutinho, R.Z., Ditchfield, A.D. A note on the diet and foraging behavior of Artibeus lituratus (Chiroptera, Phyllostomidae) in an urban park in southeastern Brazil. Biota Neotrop. May/Aug 2007 vol. 7, no. 2 http://www.biotaneotropica.org.br/ v7n2/pt/abstract?short-communication+bn01407022007. ISSN 1676-0603.Bats of the genus Artibeus are among the most important seed dispersers in early successional forests. We report observations on the foraging behavior of Artibeus lituratus in Pedra da Cebola Municipal Park, an urban park in the city of Vitória, Espírito Santo, southeastern Brazil. Observations were made during six consecutive days (April 1 st to April 6 th , 2006). Three mist-nets were opened each night close to a Maclura tinctoria tree (Moraceae), remaining open from 18:00 to 22:00, totaling four hours per night, and 24 hours of sampling effort. We observed two peaks of feeding activity at the tree, one between 18:20 and 19:30, and a second one at 21:00. This is the first observation of Artibeus lituratus feeding on M. tinctoria fruits, therefore adding a new item to the known diet of the species. M. tinctoria fruits have large seeds that are not swallowed by bats, they consume the fruit pulp and discard the seeds. A diet of fruits with large seeds may indicate an important resource not detected in dietary studies based on fecal samples, but better detected by direct observation or by studying feeding roosts. It is important to use different sampling techniques in dietary studies since they complement each other and, together, provide a better knowledge on the diet of bats.Keywords: bats, frugivory, Maclura, urban ecology. ResumoOprea, M., Brito, D., Vieira, T.B., Mendes, P., Lopes, S.R., Fonseca, R.M., Coutinho, R.Z., Ditchfield, A.D. Nota sobre dieta e comportamento de forrageio de Artibeus lituratus (Chiroptera, Phyllostomidae) em um parque urbano no sudeste do Brasil. Biota Neotrop. May/Aug 2007 vol. 7, no. 2 http://www.biotaneotropica. org.br/v7n2/pt/abstract?short-communication+bn01407022007. ISSN 1676-0603.Morcegos do gênero Artibeus estão entre os mais importantes dispersores de sementes em florestas em estágios iniciais de sucessão. Aqui descrevemos observações sobre o comportamento de forrageio de Artibeus lituratus no Parque Municipal da Pedra da Cebola, um parque urbano na cidade de Vitória, Espírito Santo, sudeste do Brasil. As observações foram feitas durante seis dias consecutivos (01 a 06 de Abril de 2006). Três redes de neblina foram abertas cada noite, próximas a uma árvore de Maclura tinctoria, Moraceae, permanecendo abertas das 18:00 às 22:00 horas, totalizando quatro horas por noite, e 24 horas de esforço amostral. Foram observados dois picos de atividade de forrageio, o primeiro entre 18:20 e 19:30 horas, e o segundo às 21:00 horas. Este é o primeiro registro de consumo de frutos de M. tinctoria por A. lituratus, adicionando mais um ítem para a dieta conhecida desta espécie. Os frutos de M. tinctoria p...
A Ordem Chiroptera apresenta importância relevante na dinâmica dos ecossistemas, sendo a ordem de mamíferos com maior diversidade de hábitos de vida. Dentre os estados da região Sudeste do Brasil, o Espírito Santo é um dos mais carentes em relação ao conhecimento de morcegos. Este estudo sintetizou o estado do conhecimento sobre quirópteros gerado no Espírito Santo. Para isso, foram catalogados os morcegos depositados no Museu de Biologia Prof. Mello Leitão (MBML), no Laboratório de Estudos de Quirópteros da Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (LABEQ), Museum of Vertebrate Zoology (MVZ), Royal Ontario Museum (ROM), American Museum of Natural History (AMNH) e University of Michigan Museum Zoology (UMMZ). Além disso, foi realizada uma busca por artigos publicados sobre morcegos do Espírito Santo. Foram revistos 49 artigos científicos, realizadas três teses de mestrado e 11 monografias. Considerando as coleções amostradas e artigos publicados totalizam-se 63 espécies de morcegos para o estado, provenientes de 37 dos 78 municípios do Espírito Santo. A maior riqueza de espécies de morcegos foi encontrada nos municípios de Linhares e Santa Teresa, o que é provavelmente reflexo da maior parte dos espécimes depositados nos museus também serem desses municípios. O Espírito Santo apresenta um grande potencial para se encontrar novas ocorrências de espécies, enfatizando a importância da realização de futuros estudos sobre morcegos no estado.
We analyze hypotheses tests via classical results on large deviations for the case of two different Hölder Gibbs probabilities. The main difference for the the classical hypotheses tests in Decision Theory is that here the two considered measures are singular with respect to each other. We analyze the classical Neyman-Pearson test showing its optimality. This test becomes exponentially better when compared to other alternative tests, with the sample size going to infinity. We also consider both, the Min-Max and a certain type of Bayesian hypotheses tests. We shall consider these tests in the log likelihood framework by using several tools of Thermodynamic Formalism. Versions of the Stein's Lemma and the Chernoff's information are also presented.
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