The collapse of the centrally planned economies in Eastern Europe has triggered complex economic reforms in all former communist countries, on their ways towards freemarket economic systems. Their economies have become real, real-scale, and real-time research laboratories. The multifaceted and difficult processes of economic transition were scientifically examined as far as transition trail, duration, transition strategy. Based on the matrix model of economic systems and economic transition, the paper is valuing the authors' previous research work in the area. The main objective is to answer to the question: when the economic transition ends (when the economic reform is completed). The authors propose several ways to determine the moment when the economic transition ends, and the duration of the process respectively. Several standpoints (political, economical, managerial) are presented. The study was completed in Romania and Slovak Republic. The research results reveal similarities as well as differences; specific issues are discussed. Assessing the end of economic transition is of top importance in the circumstances of the current global crisis. When the economic recession and transition are overlapping, then the "pendulum effect" might appear and the economic reform ends before reaching its objectives. The models of analysis and research results are important for both academics and practitioners-strategists, policy makers, and managers-not only from Romania and Slovakia or other Eastern European countries but any transitional economy.

Cities are using smart city and eGovernment solutions as modern trends also to enhance the management of the city and to get the citizens and entrepreneurs more engaged. Cities in the Slovak Republic are thus introducing ICT based services in order to cope with legal state obligations and also as a natural decision based on specific needs of the municipality. eGovernment developed and introduced on the national level by the state, combined with eServices at the municipality level, mutually lead to a modern, smart and better functioning city. The article is focused on current Slovak Republic’s experiences in the field of eGovernment, more concretely on the provision of eServices in small municipalities, which make up the majority of the entire municipalities in the Slovak Republic.

European Union Internal Market has become a key element of the European integration and of a citizens´ daily life. Some of the European Union Internal Market´s components are well established and functioning, others have still to struggle with existing barriers. New information and communication technologies and the digitalisation challenged the European Union Internal Market and the European Union Member States to move into the digital era. European Union Member States are now facing the need to adapt the four economic freedoms as a crucial part of the European Union Internal Market to a digital freedom. The aim of the article is to analyse the current state of play of the European Union Digital Single Market and to identify most common and urgent existing obstacles of the European Union Digital Single Market from the perspective of the Slovak Republic.

this regard, the EU Internal Market as the most developed and sophisticated economic integration project (Howarth and Sadeh, 2010) represented a 'cornerstone of European integration' (Egan and Guimarăes, 2012, p. 1) and created necessary foundations for EU Member States´ integration also in other areas. The EU nowadays represents more than an economic cooperation or cooperation taking only economic benefits into account. Up until 2016, the EU integration process was accompanied by a parallel enlargement and deepening of integration (Kelemen, Menon and Slapin, 2014) and for the first time in history the EU today is facing a process which is reverse in relation to what we have known so far. The disintegration of the EU (Patomäki, 2017), leaving the EU (Bachmann and Sidaway, 2016), exit from the EU (Welfens, 2016), withdrawal from the EU (Pain and Young 2004) can be used as significant naming of this process. From the point of the EU Internal Market, the events preceding and following the voting of Great Britain leaving the EU once more raised the need to deal with questions about EU integrity and functioning of its internal market. In this article the attention won't be focused on Brexit consequences regarding the EU Internal Market. However the EU Internal Market problematic is as pertinent today as in the past it was. Rueda-Cantuche et al. (2013) highlighted the importance of the EU Internal Market and of the European integration in the context of employment creation in the EU, by pointing out a faster economic growth of open economies. According to Egan and Guimarăes (2012) the EU Internal Market has to be considered not only as a fulfilment of the EU primary law obligations, but also as a key factor for entrepreneurship, growth and employment by supporting the competitiveness. Functioning EU Internal Market is particularly important for those businesses, trading across borders (Guimarães and Egan, 2014). A common space between the EU Member States (Kostadinova, 2013), in the form of the EU Internal Market significantly helps to attain economic growth within the EU (Badinger, 2005) and to create jobs and to increase employment (Rueda-Cantuche et al., 2013). Despite its importance, there are still deficiencies of the EU Internal Market. Pelkmans and Mustilli (2014) confirmed existing EU Internal Market´s deficiencies and in this regard they stated that a minimization of these deficiencies would result in additional GDP growth in the EU and in the individual EU Member States´ economies. Siim Kallas as a European Commission Commissionaire for Transport and a Vice-president of the European Commission in 2010-14 in this regard noted, that one of the best ways to boost economic growth is the removal of barriers in the EU Internal Market (European Commission, 2015i).