Syphilis is a sexually transmitted disease, which was discovered that it might have been dated back to as early as 3000 BC [1]. Among the multiple forms of manifestation, the most redoubtable is the materno-fetal transmission of the disease, which can lead either to the intrauterin death of the fetus and miscarriage or stillbirth, or to the appearance of congenital syphilis [1]. The discovery of clinical signs of the disease in a child, followed by the confirmation of the syphilis diagnosis, often entails the differentiation of the congenital infection from abuse cases. In the current paper we describe the case of a 1-year-old girl who presented with perianogenital lesions suggestive of syphilis infection, with an onset around 10 months of age. The detection of positive serologies among several family members and the precarious living conditions led to the suspicion of abuse. After investigating the case, the diagnosis of early congenital syphilis was established, followed by an adequate treatment.