The objective of this study was to evaluate menthol and eugenol as anesthetics for early juveniles of curimba, Prochilodus lineatus. Juveniles of 4.0±0.5 g and a total length of 8.8±0.1 cm were exposed to the anesthetics menthol (20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, and 80 mg L −1 ) and eugenol (20, 30, 40, 50, 60, and 70 mg L −1 ) up to deep anesthesia. The anesthetic effects were evaluated measuring the induction time to deep anesthesia (characterized by loss of equilibrium, absence of swimming, reduction of opercular movements, and responses only to intense tactile stimuli), recovery time, time to appetite return, and mortality rate after 96 h of procedure. The concentrations between 60 to 80 mg of menthol L −1 provided the lowest time of induction. Increased concentrations led to a decrease in recuperation time. The concentrations between 50 to 70 mg of eugenol L −1 provided the lowest induction times; however, recovery time was not affected by eugenol concentrations. The return to appetite was observed 24 h after anesthesia, while the survival after 96 h was >90%. Concentrations of 60 and 50 mg L −1 of menthol and eugenol, respectively, are recommended for effective anesthesia with limited side effects.
A tilápia é considerada um dos peixes mais difundidos e cultivados no mundo, principalmente pelo seu rápido crescimento, alta prolificidade, rusticidade e excelente aceitação de mercado. Na piscicultura, os animais cultivados de forma intensiva não consomem prontamente toda ração disponível nos tanques de cultivo. Como consequência, a lixiviação dos nutrientes e excretas dos animais vão para o sistema aquático gerando excesso de formas de estruturas químicas, principalmente relacionadas aos elementos N e P, que são prejudiciais ao sistema de cultivo de peixes. Entretanto, tais efluentes gerados representam um aporte rico em nutrientes essências para o crescimento vegetal, e, portanto, ações voltadas para melhorar a produção agrícola podem ser implementadas para produção de alimentos de modo sustentável, como exemplo, a fertirrigação. Nesse sentido, o presente projeto visa avaliar o desempenho da fertirrigação na produção de cenouras irrigada com efluentes da criação de tilápia como integração de práticas e modelos produtivos que possibilitem a diversificação de atividades no meio rural e aprimoramento dos sistemas de produção. Os ensaios experimentais estão em andamento, com 30 dias após semeadura, na Unidade Didática de Piscicultura, Pesquisa e Produção de Peixes de Cordeiro (UDPPPC) da FIPERJ. Os canteiros de cenouras estão sendo irrigados com água da criação de tilápia em sistema de recirculação e água de poço tubular semi-artesiano. Semanalmente, os parâmetros físico-químicos da água são coletados e registrados para análises posteriores. Ao término do ciclo de produção da cenoura, serão avaliadas a biomassa total dos canteiros, o peso, diâmetro e comprimento unitário, e realização da análise bromatológica e de betacaroteno da cenoura dos diferentes grupos experimentais.
This study investigated the depuration time of tilapia in saline and freshwater environments and its influence on animal performance and meat quality. Depuration until the seventh day resulted in significant reductions in average weight, condition factor, viscerosomatic index, hepatosomatic index and fillet yield in both environments. Regarding proximate composition, the saline environment promoted the maintenance of crude protein, moisture and ash percentages. Depuration in the freshwater environment resulted in reduced percentages of crude protein, ash and energy and increased humidity. Total lipids were reduced in both environments, but with a significantly lower in saline. Maximum rigor index occurred in up to three and nine hours for fish depurated in freshwater and saline environments, respectively. During the post-rigor period, the rigor index experienced a sharp drop in the freshwater environment, while in the saline environment it remained similar to that of the pre-depuration group. Depuration in a saline environment for up to seven days was efficient at maintaining of proximate composition and rigor mortis, however, depuration until the fifth day is indicated to maintain performance indices.
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