Numerous epidemiological studies have evaluated the association between transforming growth factor beta receptor type 1 (TGFBR1) polymorphisms and the risk of cancer; however, the results remain inconclusive and controversial. To determine the association between breast cancer risk and the *6A polymorphism of the TGFBR1 gene, a case-control study of 280 breast cancer patients and 280 controls was performed in Iranian women. Our study demonstrates that women who carry the TGFBR1*6A allele are at lower risk of developing breast cancer. The highest protection against breast cancer was observed in 6A/6A homozygotes (OR = 0.32, p = 0.04). A lower frequency of the TGFBR1*6A allele in breast cancer patients may be an important genetic determinant that contributes to a lower risk of breast cancer in Iranian women. The results also showed that the allelic length of TGFBR1 polymorphisms had no significant association with the age at onset or the grade of disease, nor with the expression of progesterone and estrogen receptors and HER2.
Blood matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) level is a promising new diagnostic marker. The aim of the current case-control study is to investigate the correlation between the serum MMP-9 level with occurrence and progression of breast cancer. The serum MMP-9 level was investigated by gelatin zymography in 100 patients with breast cancer and 120 healthy participants. The average value of MMP-9 activity was significantly higher in patients with breast cancer than in control (P < .002), this value correlates with tumor stage (P = .005) and tumor size (P = .012). Our results suggest serum MMP-9 level is a potential diagnostic marker for predicting breast cancer occurrence and progression.
Background:Hepatitis B virus infection (HBV) and its complications is one of the most serious problems of the health system in many parts of the world. In the present study, we will assess chronic and occult HBV and isolated anti-Hepatitis B core antigen whose screening and evaluation is not routine in different populations.Materials and Methods:This descriptive analytical study was conducted on 213 patients undergoing chemotherapy - radiotherapy referred to the hematology - oncology clinics of Isfahan, Iran in 2012. In order to determine the serum levels of hepatitis B surface antigen (HbSAg), Hepatitis B Antigen and Antibody (HBCAb), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT) and Alkaline phosphatase (ALK.P), venous blood samples were obtained. If the HBCAb sample was positive, another sample of the serum was sent to the laboratory to perform polymerase chain reaction and to determine viral load.Results:The mean age of the patients was 47.7 ± 9 years, with an age range of 27 -73 years; 98 (46%) and 115 (54%) cases were male and female, respectively, with mean age of 51.9 ± 8.3 and 44.1 ± 8.1 years, and there was no significant difference (P < 0.001). The mean level of liver enzymes including AST, ALT and ALK.P were 34.2 ± 36.02, 38.9 ± 47.1 and 252.1 ± 234.7, respectively. Two cases were HbSAg positive (0.9%) and six cases were HBCAb positive (2.8%) and HbSAg negative. Three cases had a high viral load at the rate of starting treatment among positive anti-HBC patients.Conclusion:Because occult hepatitis is investigated less commonly in routine studies, it seems that screening and evaluating its prevalence is useful in the management of patients.
Introduction: Oxidative damage is one of the known mechanisms of progression and recurrence of breast cancer during disease process, radiotherapy and chemotherapy courses, taking anti-cancer drugs and the loss of aerobic fitness. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of six weeks of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant status of women survived of breast cancer. Materials and Methods:In this semi experimental study, 19 women survived of breast cancer with mean age (45.26 ± 2.87 years) and BMI (26.35 ± 2.37 kg/m 2 ) were selected based on inclusion criteria and then were randomly divided into two control (n = 10) and experimental (n = 9) groups. Experimental group performed three sessions of aerobic training at 60-70 HRmax each week and for 6 weeks. The first week trainings, ranging from 60 to 65 HRmax, were conducted, until the end of the fifth week achieved to about 70 HRmax, and at sixth week continued with the same intensity. The control group did not participate in any exercise program during this period. Blood sampling was conducted 24 hours before the first session and 48 hours after the end of the last training session. The serum total antioxidant capacity (TAOC) and malondialdehyde (MDA) was measured by ELISA kits. Data were analyzed by the use of dependent and independent t-test. Results: A significant reduction in serum levels of MDA and a significant increase in TAOC was observed in the experimental group (P = 0.003, P = 0.001).Aerobic fitness improved significantly also (P = 0.001). Conclusions: Regular moderate-intensity aerobic exercise can prevent the recurrence of breast cancer by improving the body's antioxidant defense and aerobic fitness.
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