Sulfone-embedded heterocyclics are of great interest in organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), however, exploring highly efficient narrowband emitters based on sulfone-embedded heterocyclics remains challenging. Herein, five emitters with different sulfur valence state and molecular rigidity, namely tP, tCPD, 2tCPD, tPD and tPT, are thoroughly analysed. With restricted twisting of flexible peripheral phenyl by strengthening molecular rigidity, molecular emission spectra can be enormously narrowed. Further, introducing the sulfone group with bending vibration in lowfrequency region that suppresses high-frequency vibration, sharp narrow full-widths at half-maximum of 28 and 25 nm are achieved for 2tCPD and tPD, respectively. Maximum external quantum efficiencies of 22.0 % and 27.1 % are successfully realized for 2tCPDand tPD-based OLED devices. These results offer a novel design strategy for constructing narrowband emitters by introducing sulfone group into a rigid molecular framework.
Multi‐resonance (MR) based organoboron emitters exhibiting high‐efficiency narrowband thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) have become a critical material component for constructing high‐performance organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) with high color purity and high color gamut. However, most of the MR‐TADF devices suffer from severe efficiency roll‐off at high current density due to the relatively large singlet–triplet splitting energy, long excited state lifetime, and slow reverse intersystem crossing rate (k
RISC). Herein, by utilizing a sulfur atom‐fused donor unit, 7H‐benzo[4,5]thieno[2,3‐b]carbazole, an organic boron emitter (BTC‐BNCz) capable of high efficiency and low efficiency roll‐off narrowband TADF emission is developed. Benefitting from the heavy atom effect of the sulfur atom, kRISC up to 1.6 × 105 s−1 is achieved, which could greatly reduce the undesired quenching effect. Consequently, the OLED using BTC‐BNCz as dopant exhibits high external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 27.0% with full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 35 nm. Moreover, by utilizing a TADF material with a high horizontal dipole ratio as assistant host, outstanding device performance is achieved with a maximum EQE of 35.2% and FWHM of 37 nm, featuring slow efficiency roll‐off.
Printed micro‐supercapacitors (MSCs) have shown broad prospect in flexible and wearable electronics. Most of previous studies focused on printing the electrochemically active materials paying less attention to other key components like current collectors and electrolytes. This study presents an all‐printing strategy to fabricate in‐plane flexible and substrate‐free MSCs with hierarchical encapsulation. This new type of “all‐in‐one” MSC is constructed by encapsulating the in‐plane interdigital current collectors and electrodes within the polyvinyl‐alcohol‐based hydrogel electrolyte via sequential printing. The bottom electrolyte layer of this fully printed MSCs helps protect the device from the limitation of conventional substrate, showing excellent flexibility. The MSCs maintain a high capacitance retention of 96.84% even in a completely folded state. An optimal electrochemical performance can be achieved by providing ample and shorter transport paths for ions. The MSCs using commercial activated carbon as the active material are endowed with a high specific areal capacitance of 1892.90 mF cm−2 at a current density of 0.3 mA cm−2, and an outstanding volumetric energy density of 9.20 mWh cm−3 at a volumetric power density of 6.89 mW cm−3. For demonstration, a thermo‐hygrometer is stably powered by five MSCs which are connected in series and wrapped onto a glass rod. This low‐cost and versatile all‐printing strategy is believed to diversify the application fields of MSCs with high capacitance and excellent flexibility.
Aromatic imide derivatives play a critical role in boosting the electroluminescent (EL) performance of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). However, the majority of aromatic imide-based materials are limited to long wavelength emission OLEDs rather than blue emissions due to their strong electron-withdrawing characteristics. Herein, two novel polycyclic fused amide units were reported as electron acceptor to be combined with either a tetramethylcarbazole or acridine donor via a phenyl linker to generate four conventional fluorescence blue emitters of BBI-4MeCz, BBI-DMAC, BSQ-4MeCz and BSQ-DMAC for the first time. BSQ-4MeCz and BSQ-DMAC based on a BSQ unit exhibited higher thermal stability and photoluminescence quantum yields than BBI-4MeCz and BBI-DMAC based on a BBI unit due to their more planar acceptor structure. The intermolecular interactions that exist in the BSQ series materials effectively inhibit the molecular rotation and configuration relaxation, and thus allow for blue-shifted emissions. Blue OLED devices were constructed with the developed materials as emitters, and the effects of both the structure of the polycyclic fused amide acceptor and the electron donor on the EL performance were clarified. Consequently, a sky-blue OLED device based on BSQ-DMAC was created, with a high maximum external quantum efficiency of 4.94% and a maximum luminance of 7761 cd m−2.
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