Background: The crevicular fluid analysis represents a useful diagnosis tool, with the help of which noninvasive cellular metabolic activity can be analyzed. The aim of the study is to investigate comparatively IL1β and IL6 in the gingival crevicular fluid of clinically healthy adolescents and young adults during the acute phase of orthodontic treatment. Methods: Gingival crevicular fluid was collected from 20 patients (aged between 11 and 28) undergoing orthodontic treatment. Measurements were taken before (T0) and after 24 h after distalization forces were activated (T1). IL1β and IL 6 were analyzed using Elisa tests. The statistical tests used were two-sided t tests. Results: Between the two time periods there was a significant raise both in the crevicular fluid rate (0.57 µL at T0 vs. 0.95 µL at T1, p = 0.001) and in IL1β levels (15.67 pg/µL at T0 vs. 27.94 pg/µL at T1, p = 0.009). We were able to identify IL6 only in a third of the sites. There is a significantly increased level of ILβ at T1 in adolescents, more than in young adults (42.96 pg/µL vs. 17.93 pg/µL, p = 0.006). Conclusions: In the early stage of orthodontic treatment, the periodontal tissues of adolescents are more responsive to orthodontic forces than those of young adults.

The orthodontic treatment is a favouring factor for the appearance of gingival recession, especially when the teeth are moved toward buccal direction. The purpose of this study is to compare periodontal clinical parameters in patients with gingival recession following fixed orthodontic therapy, treated through two different surgical techniques: free gingival graft (FGG) and connective tissue graft with coronary advanced flap (CTG+CAF), using in both techniques a non-eugenol periodontal dressing. The study is comprised of 12 patients that have previously undertaken fixed orthodontic treatment. 44 sites were treated, 23 of which were treated through free gingival grafts (FGG � with a mean recession of 3.04�0.2mm) and 21 through epithelial-connective grafts with a coronary advanced flap (CTG + CAF � with a mean recession of 3.24�0.24mm). Sites treated with FGG obtained superior results regarding the width of keratinised tissue (p.0.0006), but recession coverage was superior for CTG+CAF (p.0002). The post-operatory discomfort was diminished by using a non-eugenol periodontal dressing, which also ensured a faster healing time.

Background:The number of studies on oral complications in children with Down syndrome is substantial, but they are focused rather on the prevalence of dental caries, periodontal disease, and hypodontia. The relationship between Down syndrome and dental eruption has been rarely approached. The causes of delayed eruption in children with Down syndrome are incompletely elucidated due to the incomplete identification of the factors that intervene in the physiological process of dental eruption. Aim of the study: To evaluate the correlation between Down syndrome and the delayed eruption of permanent teeth, in relation to the chronological age, in this category of patients. Material and methods: The study group included 94 children with mixed dentition, of ages between 6 and 12 years: 36 children with Down syndrome and 58 healthy children. Clinical and radiological examinations were performed, focusing on the relation between dental age and chronological age. Results: The presence of Down syndrome in children has a significant influence (p <0.001) on the delayed eruption of permanent teeth, considering the chronological age, compared to healthy children. The weighted average of this delay in our study group was 1.27. Conclusions: It is necessary to monitor children with Down syndrome for an extended period of time, in order to ensure a high quality of life and to optimize their health as much as possible.

Background. The arches used in orthodontic therapy are subject to increasing physical and chemical stresses. Purpose of the study: This in vitro experimental study aims to highlight and compare the main mechanical properties of orthodontic arches. Materials and Methods: We used 40 springs, 2 materials, 20 of Ni-Cr and 20 of Co-Cr, of different diameters, 0.7 mm 0.8 mm and 1.2 mm, subjected to the environment of artificial saliva and artificial saliva with cola for one month and two months, respectively. Five springs of each material were tested at different times: T0, before application in the oral cavity, then at time T1, T2, T3, T4. Three lengths of the lever arm were considered for bending forces acting on the springs (dental wires). These lengths were 15, 10 and 5 mm. The wires were tested under the action of bending forces on a Hans Schmidt HV 500N stand, obtaining the characteristics of the wires: deformation-force-time. Results: Graphical determinations show that the degree of deformation of the wires is influenced by the applied force, diameter and obviously by the immersion time, respectively by the type of solution in which the springs were immersed. Conclusions: The final degree of bending is higher for Co-Cr arcs than for Ni-Cr at all three dimensions.