We monitored seven resident (three males and four females) and six dispersing subadult Eurasian lynx from to in a population that was re‐introduced to the Swiss Jura Mountains in the early 1970s. Home‐range areas of the neighbouring adults were 71–281 km2, and significant core areas 34–252 km2. Males occupied significantly larger areas than females. Home‐range overlap was 9% for neighbouring males and 3%) for females. Core areas of males did touch, but those of females were clearly separated. Each male's home range covered those of one or two females. Population density was 0.94 lynx/100 km2 for resident animals. Pre‐dispersal mortality was estimated to be 50%. Juveniles dispersed from their mothers' home area at the age of 10 months. Of six monitored subadults. only one survived the first year of independence. Human‐caused mortality (traffic accidents. illegal killing) was high. This was also the case among resident adults. This might be a threat to the long‐term survival of the reintroduced population.

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No abstract

The possibility of immunizing carnivores against rabies with live attenuated vaccine administered by the oral route was raised by North American scientists in the 1960s. Subsequently, several American and European teams tested different vaccine strains in the labor~tory for efficacy a~d saf~ty and studied vaccine stabilization, vaccine delivery systems, baIt acceptance by wl1d ammals, and bait distribution schemes. The first field trial of a cloned SAD (Street Alabama Dufferin) strain in baits designed to immunize foxes orallỹ as conducted in an Alpine valley in Switzerland in 1978. A population containing f\J60ltJo Immune foxes at the valley entrance stopped the spread of the disease into untreated upper pa~ts of the valley. T~e strategic use of oral vaccination of foxes in additional regions of SWItzerland resulted m freedom from the zoonosis in four-fifths of the country.The control of dog rabies by immunization has been successful since effective vaccines for veterinary use became available and were applied in mass vaccination campaigns. In many parts of the world, however, rabies remains endemic in populations of wild mammals. The idea of vaccinating susceptible freeliving species suggests itself, but most early attempts at establishing herd immunities at a reasonable level in populations of wild carnivores failed [1]. Obviously this goal can be achieved only if self-vaccination is rendered attractive to the target species, e.g., by the incorporation of an oral vaccine into a bait. A breakthrough came when Baer, Debbie, and Abelseth [2, 3] discovered that some carnivores can be vaccinated orally with certain attenuated strains of rabies virus. The goal of rabies control in wild animals should be local eradication or inhibition of spread into uninfected areas. The desired herd immunity can be established in a population only when the following technical criteria are met: (l) a vaccine that is safe and potent for field application; (2) a vaccine delivery system that assures vaccine contact with oral or intestinal mucosa; (3) an attractive vaccine vehicle or bait; and (4) an effective spatial and temporal pattern of bait distribution.

BioOne Complete (complete.BioOne.org) is a full-text database of 200 subscribed and open-access titles in the biological, ecological, and environmental sciences published by nonprofit societies, associations, museums, institutions, and presses.