Please cite this article as: Komtchou, S., Dirany, A., Drogui, P., Robert, D., Lafrance, P., Removal of atrazine and its by-products from water using electrochemical advanced oxidation processes, Water Research (2017Research ( ), doi: 10.1016Research ( /j.watres.2017 This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. important by-product recorded. More than 99% of ATZ oxidation was recorded after 15 min of 37 treatment and all the concentrations of major by-products were less than the limit of detection 38 after 45 min of treatment. The PEF process was also tested for real surface water contaminated by 39 ATZ: i) with and without addition of iron; ii) without pH adjustment (pH ∼ 6.7) and with pH 40 adjustment (pH ∼3.1). In spite of the presence of radical scavenger and iron complexation the 41 PEF process was more effective to remove ATZ from real surface water when the pH value was 42 adjusted near to 3.0. The ATZ removal was 96.0% with 0.01 mM of iron (k app = 0.13 min Highlights• PEF process is a feasible technology for the treatment of water contaminated by ATZ. 47• More than 99% of ATZ oxidation was recorded after 15 min of treatment in synthetic effluent. 48• Atrazine-desethyl-desisopropyl (DEDIA) was the most important by-product recorded.
The electrochemical degradation of carbamazepine (CBZ) in both synthetic solutions (CBZo = 12 mg/L) and enriched municipal effluents (CBZo = 60-70 μg/L) was investigated using an electro-Fenton (EF) process. Different operating parameters were investigated, including current intensity, pH, reaction time, ferrous ion concentration, and the type of anode material. The current intensity, the type of anode material, and the concentration of ferrous ions played an important role in the CBZ degradation efficiency. The degradation was mainly attributed to direct anodic oxidation. The best operating conditions for the synthetic sample were obtained at a current density of 0.2 A, a pH of 3.0, and 120 min of treatment using a boron-doped diamond (BDD) anode in the presence of 0.25 mM of Fe(2+). Under these conditions, 52% of total organic carbon (TOC) and 73% of CBZ were removed. The process was also tested as tertiary treatment for a municipal wastewater treatment plant effluent, and CBZ was completely removed.
We report on one-step in situ codoped TiO2 thin films synthesized by cosputtering. The purpose of this acceptor–donor passivated codoping approach is to overcome the optoelectronic limitations that arise for monodoped TiO2 in photocatalytic applications. To evaluate these added benefits, the TiO2:WN thin films were characterized by different techniques. X-ray diffraction patterns and X-ray photoelectron spectral analysis revealed that both N and W dopants are mostly present in the desired substitutional locations. Additionally, the codoping approach was found to reduce the internal strain and defect density of the TiO2:WN films as compared to their monodoped TiO2:N counterparts. This defect reduction is confirmed via photocharge lifetime variation obtained using visible light flash photolysis time-resolved microwave conductivity measurements (FP-TRMC). Photocharge lifetime analysis indicated the presence of three distinct decay processes: charge trapping, recombination, and surface reactions. These characteristic lifetimes of the codoped TiO2:WN films (i.e., 0.08, 0.75, and 11.5 μs, respectively) were found to be about double those of their nitrogen monodoped TiO2:N counterparts (i.e., 0.03, 0.35, and 6.8 μs), quantitatively confirming the effective passivating outcome of the tungsten–nitrogen codoping approach developed here. The practicality of this method was confirmed by integrating the TiO2:WN films as photoanodes for the electro-photocatalytic, solar light driven degradation of a real pollutant (i.e., atrazine). A significant increase in the degradation kinetics, leading to a 4-fold increase in the pseudo-first-order degradation constant for the optimally doped TiO2:WN photoanodes (0.106 min–1) from the undoped TiO2–x ones (0.026 min–1), is a direct consequence of the increased photocharge lifetimes in tandem with visible light photosensitivity.
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