Method validation is a cornerstone on which biomarker development and utilization rest. However, given the abundance of biomarker candidates that are being identified and characterized, validation of these entities for the use in nonclinical studies can be complex. The objective of this continuing education course was to review current practices and challenges encountered during the validation of methods for the analysis of novel biomarkers. Additionally, the importance of biological validation and correlation with pathology end points for biomarker candidates was discussed. This article is a summary of the materials presented at the 36th Annual Symposium of the Society of Toxicologic Pathology for a continuing education course titled "Current Practices and Challenges in Method Validation." The speakers were subject-matter experts in the validation of quantitative mass spectrometry, multiplex binding assays, biological biomarkers, and immunophenotyping and anatomic and clinical pathology considerations in biomarker qualification.
La notion de compétence introduite dans les programmes de formation de l’école québécoise a, entre autres visées, celle de satisfaire aux exigences d’une culture d’apprentissage à vie. Cette notion étant inscrite dans les programmes de formation québécois, nous avons voulu répondre à la question des exigences liées aux pratiques enseignantes à mettre en oeuvre pour susciter le développement de la compétence à résoudre des problèmes mathématiques chez les élèves. Trois enseignants de la fin du primaire et quatre du début du secondaire se sont portés volontaires pour participer à cette recherche. En situant cet enseignement dans une organisation, nous avons pu, grâce à une vision systémique, interpréter nos données pour reconnaître des contradictions liées à la réussite et à l’apprentissage, aux modes de collaboration et aux leviers de décision susceptibles de favoriser ce type d’enseignement.The idea of competency introduced in Québec’s educational programs has, among other things, aimed to meet the requirements of a lifelong-learning culture. Since this idea is included in Québec’s education programs, we wanted to explore the requirements of teaching practices that could be used to help develop the mathematical problem-solving competency in students. Three second-cycle elementary teachers and four first-cycle secondary teachers volunteered to participate in this study. By positioning this teaching in an organization, through a systemic vision we were able to interpret our data to identify contradictions linked to success and learning, modes of collaboration, and decision-making mechanisms inclined to support this kind of teaching.La noción de competencia introducida en los programas de formación de la escuela quebequense tiene, entre otros objetivos, aquel de cumplir con los exigencias de la cultura del aprendizaje permanente. Puesto que esta noción está inscrita en los programas de formación quebequenses, queremos responder a la pregunta sobre cuáles son las exigencias relacionadas con las prácticas magisteriales que requieren ser fomentadas para generar el desarrollo de la competencia para resolver problemas matemáticos entre el alumnado. Tres maestras de primaria y cuatro de secundaria participaron como voluntarias en esta investigación. Contextualizamos este tipo de enseñanza en el seno de una organización y realizamos, mediante una visión sistemática, la interpretación de los datos que permitieron identificar las condiciones asociadas a su consecución y su aprendizaje, a las maneras de colaborar y los engranajes subyacentes en la toma de decisiones que favorecen este tipo de enseñanza
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