Palliative care remains underutilized in the United States. This may represent failure of translation of research into practice (diffusion of innovation). Qualitative methods can identify barriers to and facilitators of diffusion of innovation. The aim is to identify potential barriers to and facilitators of inpatient palliative care utilization at a large urban hospital, as articulated by health professionals. Rapid ethnographic assessment methods were used among health professionals with subsequent extraction of predominant themes illuminating factors influencing adoption of palliative care services. In all, 3 stakeholder categories and 7 major themes emerged. Analysis revealed consistent need for organized, cross-disciplinary education/training services and a clearly-defined team approach. Denial at all stakeholder levels and in most themes was a barrier to implementation of palliative care. Consistent, defined educational, policymaking, and procedural standards were requirements for best adoption of palliative care. Denial was a striking obstruction to diffusion of innovation.

This case report describes and beautifully illustrates abnormal lymphoid cells engulfed by mesothelial cells in the very rare occurrence of emperipolesis within a pleural fluid containing lymphoma.

Extramedullary hematopoiesis (EMH) represents the presence of immature hematopoietic elements and their differentiation into mature blood components outside of the medullary bone and may be seen in a variety of circumstances in the postnatal period, but is most strongly associated with disorders of the hematopoietic system. Postnatally, EMH is typically identified at sites of fetal hematopoiesis, the spleen, and liver, but occasional reports have identified it in nearly every tissue of the body. We report a case of EMH presenting as pleural mass, initially suspected to represent a neoplastic process in a patient with multiple comorbidities, including history of carcinoma, but without co-existing hematologic disorder. On-site evaluation of the fine-needle aspiration specimen was initially suspicious for a malignant neoplasm, but further evaluation revealed the lesion to be a mass forming focus of non-hepatosplenic EMH. In the era of increasing utilization of imaging, mass forming EMH is increasingly detected. When unsuspected, EMH may present a diagnostic challenge for the pathologist and may be confused for a neoplastic process.