O'Leary, S.; Rana, Nripendra P.; Dwivedi, Y.K.; Calle, T. CitationGutierrez A, O'Leary S, Rana NP et al (2019) Using privacy calculus theory to explore entrepreneurial directions in mobile location-based advertising: Identifying intrusiveness as the critical risk factor. Computers in Human Behavior. 95: 295-306. Rights AbstractLocation-based advertising is an entrepreneurial and innovative means for advertisers to reach out through personalised messages sent directly to mobile phones using their geographic location. The mobile phone users' willingness to disclose their location and other personal information is essential for the successful implementation of mobile location-based advertising (MLBA). Despite the potential enhancement of the user experience through such personalisation and the improved interaction with the marketer, there is an increasing tension between that personalisation and mobile users' concerns about privacy. While the privacy calculus theory (PCT) suggests that consumers make privacy-based decisions by evaluating the benefits any information may bring against the risk of its disclosure, this study examines the specific risks and benefits that influence consumers' acceptance of MLBA. A conceptual model is proposed based on the existing literature and a standardised survey was developed and targeted at individuals with known interests in the subject matter. From these requests, 252 valid responses were received and used to evaluate the key benefits and risks of MLBA from the users' perspectives. While the results confirmed the importance of internet privacy concerns (IPC) as an important determinant, they also indicate that monetary rewards and intrusiveness have a notably stronger impact on acceptance intentions towards MLBA.Intrusiveness is the most important risk factor in determining mobile users' intentions to accept MLBA and therefore establishing effective means of minimising the perceived intrusiveness of MLBA can be expected to have the greatest impact on achieving effective communications with mobile phone users.

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Well-managed collaborations with employers, in the form of consultancy projects, appear to have a positive influence on the employability of social-science graduates, based on students from a business and management faculty. Employer collaborations with higher education come in many forms including guest speakers, work placements and projects of various types and are already part of many degree programmes. This article concentrates on the use of consultancy projects as a means of enhancing the employability of students as they graduate, and the indications are that such collaborations can have a positive influence and impact on employability by enhancing the capability and character of the graduates, which then potentially allows them to apply the content of their degree programme as appropriate for the employer. An employability equation (e = 3c.i) and model (Employability Strategy Matrix) are proposed to support the strategic decisionmaking process of identifying suitable employment opportunities and highlight individual graduate strengths and developmental needs.

This paper explores the impact effective entrepreneurship teaching has on the employability of scientists and engineers. Business teaching, guest speakers and work placements are part of many science and engineering degrees and this research indicates that entrepreneurship and related issues are also being addressed in a variety of ways and having a positive impact on student employability. It also benefits several other stakeholders, including the higher education institution, potential employers and government. This study aims to provide guidance on ways to improve entrepreneurship teaching for scientists and engineers in higher education, so that their employability is enhanced through the ‘3Cs’ – content, capability and character.