In a society facing a real technological revolution, tourism sector could not stay away from modern technique. Tourism entered the digital era with favorable results on profitability, competitiveness, and sustainability. The tourism sector has grown due to digitalization. People had access to viewing unknown locations and thus, the need arose to know new places. Obviously, access to more information is restricted by several factors in the development of society. In this paper, the impact of digitalization on tourism services is analyzed through panel data regression models, estimating the way in which the share of people who have planned their trips online depends on the level of economic development, education, and knowledge in using the Internet, on security and safety of ICT infrastructure. The data refer to 29 European countries, over a 9 year -time period (2010)(2011)(2012)(2013)(2014)(2015)(2016)(2017)(2018). The fixed effects model proved to be the most efficient. At the same time, the existence of a significant country effect on the use of online tourist booking services was highlighted. Western European countries economically developed have a positive propensity for digitalization in tourism, while Eastern European countries, mainly former communist countries, with a lower level of economic development are less in favor of digitalization in tourism.
The upward trend of the tourism industry and its impact on the global economy is in contradiction with the degradation of the environment and the intensification of global warming. Therefore, naturally, one question arises: are tourism and environment allies or enemies? The right of mankind and the economic interest, must surpass the right of nature to survival? Statistical data reveal promising developments in the tourism sector and its contribution to the global economy. According to the report "Travel & Tourism, Economic impact 2018, World", the total contribution of Travel & Tourism industry in 2017 reached 10.4% of GDP, with a 4% estimated increase in 2018. The effect of this industry on global employment is also a positive one, providing directly over 118 million jobs (3.8% of total employment). Taking into account indirect impact as well, the travel & tourism industry provides over 313 million jobs, meaning that one in 10 jobs worldwide is supported by this industry. In a world where increasing opportunities to ensure a large number of quality jobs is more and more important, tourism is seen as a catalyst for human development. On the other hand, mankind faces an increase in the average global temperature of 1 Celsius degree compared to the pre-industrial period, specialists drawing attention that there is a real danger of worsening this situation. In this context, the present paper aims at analyzing the two-way relationship between tourism and environment, base on a panel of statistical and econometric methods. Thus, data covering the last 10 years, provided by EUROSTAT for the 28 countries of the European Union are analyzed. The set of indicators is focused on three main pillars: Tourism pillar, Environmental Pillar and Economy and digital economy background Pillar. The statistical analysis of the data set includes Descriptive statistics tools, Principal Component Analysis, non-parametric statistical tests and statistical correlation and regression.
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