Aim: To describe attitudes towards caring for older people among nurses and student nurses in six participating countries. Background: Working with older people has historically had a negative profile and with a global rise in the numbers of older people and a global shortage of nurses, it is essential to recruit nurses into this area. This study gathered data from six countries to explore nurses and student nurses attitudes to nursing older people and to gerontological nursing as a career. Method: A convenience sample of 1064 nursing students and 2585 nurses in six countries answered the Multifactorial Attitudes Questionnaire (MAQ) designed to elicit attitudes towards caring for older people and to the esteem that comes with working in this field. The MAQ consists of seven positive and 13 negative statements and uses a Likert scale. A higher total score indicates a more positive attitude. Results: Differences in attitudes among the six counties was observed for both nursing students and for nurses (<.001). Nursing students in Scotland and USA had the highest mean scores and Slovenia and Sweden were the countries with the lowest mean score. The highest score for nurses were reported in Scotland and Sweden and lowest in Germany and Japan. Conclusion: From the findings, it is suggested that formal nursing education to students between 18-29 years of age has high importance for positive attitudes towards working with older people.

This paper examines the provision of integrated advanced dementia care within seven European countries and critically reviews the potential contribution of the Prudent Healthcare perspective as a starting point for reform. Progressive efforts to innovate, promote quality and integrate care are tempered with the reality of resource constraints. Some policy makers in Europe and North America have turned their attention to the principles of Prudent Healthcare as a potential mechanism to maximise benefits for patients within available resources. As dementia progresses, living well requires increasing levels of support and care, people living with advanced dementia have complex health and social care needs, are highly dependent on others but are not yet at the terminal end stage of the condition. People with advanced dementia can benefit from a dementia specific palliative approach to care (Palliare), that helps them to live the best life possible for the months and often years they live with advanced dementia. It is also highly desirable to align policy innovations with integrated palliative care practice models and the education of the dementia workforce to accelerate informed improvements in advanced dementia care. There may be some coherence, at least superficially between Prudent Healthcare and integrated palliative care models such as Palliare. It is argued that for successful implementation, both require practitioners to be equipped with knowledge and skills and be empowered to deliver high quality care often within impoverished care environments. Adoption of the prudent perspective will however require development of a repertoire of approaches to hear the voice or proxy voice of people living with advanced dementia and to commit to the development and implementation of new evidence for advanced dementia practice. Evidence informing this policy debate draws upon contemporary literature and policy and the findings from research activities undertaken by the Palliare project supported through the Erasmus+ K2 Strategic Partnerships funding programme.

Background: In response to the global increasing age of the population, there is general agreement on the need to define what is meant by "old." Yet there is no consensus on age groups within the definition of old, which makes comparative studies of people of differing ages in advancing years impossible. Attempts to sub-categorize the "old" also show little consensus. This article serves to open a dialogue, as an illustrative example of these inconsistencies. Aim: To examine definitions of the "oldest old" and "fourth age" in order to highlight such inconsistencies and the need for consistent age stratifications. Method: The authors conducted a literature search from January 2003 to April 2015 using the six top-most-rated non-medical journals in gerontology and again in 2018-2019 to give currency to the article. Results: Forty-nine articles in total were reviewed. The findings show little consensus on the age stratifications used to define the "oldest old" and "fourth age," which ranged from seventy-five plus to ninety-two plus years. Conclusion: Dividing the "old" population into the oldest old and/or fourth age still shows a lack of consensus, with some authors suggesting that such divisions have only served to move ageism into very old age. Recommendation: There are terms for ten-year cohorts, which if universally used, will mean that comparative ageing studies are possible, which in turn will inform international and national strategy documents, policy initiatives, clinical guidelines, and service provision design. Implications for Practice: Given the growth in the numbers of people classed as old and the time span being "old" covers, there is a real need for consensus. Definite age groupings that define people as cohorts, with existing and agreed words-such as sexagenarians (60-69,) septuagenarians (70-79), octogenarians (80-89), etc., will completely remove the need for the value-laden term "old" (and all its derivatives) for this poorly defined population.

Uvod: Multikulturalizem, globalizacija in internacionalizacija predstavljajo neizogiben dejavnik razvoja, ki so mu izpostavljeni tako visokošolski prostor kot klinična okolja. Raziskave kažejo, da klinični mentorji nimajo dovolj multikulturnih kompetenc. Namen raziskave je bil proučiti izkušnje kliničnih mentorjev in visokošolskih učiteljev z mentorstvom tujim študentom. Metode: S kvalitativnim pristopom – študijo primera so bile raziskane izkušnje kliničnih mentorjev in visokošolskih učiteljev z mentorstvom tujim študentom zdravstvene nege enega od visokošolskih zavodov. Podatki so bili zbrani januarja 2014, s tehniko skupinskega intervjuja, uporabljen je bil polstrukturiran vprašalnik. V vzorec je bilo vključenih šest kliničnih mentorjev in visokošolskih učiteljev. Pogovori so bili transkribirani in besedilo podrobno analizirano s pristopom indukcije. Rezultati: Odgovori so bili strnjeni v pet glavnih tem: kulturno zavedanje, poznavanje kultur, kulturne spretnosti, medkulturni stiki in želja po kulturni osveščenosti. Kategorije opisujejo izkušnje intervjuvancev v novih kulturah, posebnosti mentorstva, željo po kulturni osveščenosti in jezikovne ovire. V želji po kulturni osveščenosti ugotavljamo vpliv kulture na kakovost zagotavljanja zdravstvene nege, željo po novih znanjih in pozitiven odnos do internacionalizacije praktičnega usposabljanja. Diskusija in zaključek: Intervjuvanci navajajo, da je pomembno medsebojno spoštovanje različnih kultur. Izražajo željo po razumevanju drugačnosti, ne navajajo posebnih priprav na izmenjavo tujih študentov. Jezikovna ovira in strah se ob vsakodnevnem stiku s tujimi študenti zmanjša. Raziskava prispeva k boljšemu razumevanju razmer v procesu mentorstva tujih študentov zdravstvene nege.

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