4RESUMO -A sálvia (Salvia splendens Sellow) é uma planta da família Lamiaceae que se multiplica por sementes. Sobre ela existe grande interesse ornamental, no entanto, pouco se tem estudado sobre esta espécie, em nossas condições. Este trabalho avaliou o efeito de diferentes temperaturas e qualidades de luz sobre a germinação das sementes de sálvia. Os tratamentos aplicados foram às temperaturas de 15, 20 e 25 °C e as luzes branca, vermelha (V), vermelha extrema (VE) e ausência de luz. A intensidade luminosa foi produzida por quatro lâmpadas de 20W, fixadas internamente na porta do germinador. As qualidades de luz foram obtidas pela cobertura, com papel celofane, das caixas plásticas do tipo gerbox, onde foram semeadas as sementes. A luz V foi obtida pela cobertura das gerbox com duas folhas de celofane vermelhas e para a luz VE utilizaram-se duas folhas vermelhas mais duas folhas azuis. Para a obtenção da luz branca nenhum papel celofane foi colocado sobre as caixas plásticas. A ausência de luz foi obtida pela cobertura das gerbox com papel alumínio. As variáveis testadas foram à germinação, primeira contagem de germinação, índice de velocidade de germinação, comprimento e massa seca das plântulas. A semente de sálvia comporta-se como indiferente à luz, embora germine melhor na luz vermelha extrema e na ausência de luz, também, é capaz de germinar nas luzes branca e vermelha. As temperaturas de 15, 20 e 25 °C afetam a velocidade de germinação das sementes, sendo que 15 °C retarda o processo germinativo.Termos para indexação: análise de sementes,, fotoblastismo, planta ornamental. SEEDS GERMINATION OF Salvia splenden Sellow IN TEMPERATURE AND LIGHT QUALITY DIFERENTSABSTRACT -The salvia (Salvia splendens Sellow) is a plant of the Lamiaceae family, with seed multiplication. There is a great ornamental interest in it but little has been studied about this species, in Brazilian conditions. This study evaluated the effect of different temperatures and light qualities on salvia seed germination. The applied treatments were the temperatures of 15, 20 and 25 °C and the lights white, red (V), far red (VE) and light absence. The luminous intensity was produced by four 20 W lamps, fastened internally in the door of the germination chamber. The light qualities were obtained by the covering, the plastic gerbox-type boxes with cellophane, where the seeds were sown. The V light was obtained by the covering the gerbox with two red cellophane leaves and two red leaves with two blue leaves blue were used to obtain the VE light. No cellophane on the gerbox was used to obtain the white light. The light absence was obtained by covering the gerbox with aluminum foil. The tested variables were germination, first germination counting, germination speed index, length and plantule dry mass. The salvia seed behaves as indifferent to the light, although it germinates better in the far red light and in the light absence but it is also able to germinate in the white and red lights. The temperatures of 15, 20 and 25 °C affect the seed germina...
Aims Atrial fibrillation (AFib) is associated with cognitive decline/dementia, independently from clinical strokes or transient ischaemic attacks (TIA). Recent in silico data suggested that AFib may induce transient critical haemodynamic events in the cerebral microcirculation. The aim of this study is to use non-invasive spatially resolved cerebral near-infrared spectroscopy (SRS-NIRS) to investigate in vivo beat-to-beat microcirculatory perfusion during AFib and after sinus rhythm (SR) restoration. Methods and results Cerebral SRS-NIRS with high-frequency sampling (20 Hz) and non-invasive systemic haemodynamic monitoring were recorded before and after elective electrical cardioversion (ECV) for AFib or atrial flutter (AFL). To assess beat-to-beat effects of the rhythm status, the frequency distribution of inter-beat differences in tissue haemoglobin index (THI), a proxy of microcirculatory cerebral perfusion, was compared before and after SR restoration. Fifty-three AFib/AFL patients (mean age 69 ± 8 years, 79% males) were ultimately enrolled. Cardioversion was successful in restoring SR in 51 (96%) patients. In front of a non-significant decrease in arterial blood pressure extreme events between pre- and post-ECV measurements, a significant decrease of both hypoperfusive and hyperperfusive/hypertensive microcirculatory events was observed after SR restoration (P < 0.001 and P = 0.041, respectively). Conclusion The present is the first in vivo demonstration that SR restoration by ECV significantly reduces the burden of extreme single-beat haemodynamic events in cerebral microcirculation. Future studies are needed to assess whether SR maintenance might slow long-term AFib-correlated cognitive decline/dementia.
RESUMO -A alface (Lactuca sativa L.) é uma hortaliça que se multiplica por meio de sementes e seu potencial fisiológico pode ser avaliada através do teste de germinação e testes de vigor. No entanto, apenas o teste de germinação está completamente padronizado para esta espécie, enquanto os demais necessitam de ajustes em suas metodologias a fim de torná-los precisos para a avaliação do potencial fisiológico de sementes de alface. Os objetivos do trabalho foram comparar e identificar testes para avaliar o potencial fisiológico das sementes de alface. Utilizaram-se sementes de alface cv. Regina e Vera e os testes de germinação, primeira contagem, solução osmótica, envelhecimento acelerado, emergência de plântulas, condutividade elétrica, comprimento de plântulas e massa seca de plântulas. O delineamento experimental usado foi o inteiramente casualizado, com os dados analisados através do teste de Tukey a 5% de probabilidade. O teste de germinação mostrou diferenças entre lotes da cv. Regina e os testes de vigor estratificaram lotes quanto ao potencial fisiológico. Para a cv. Vera, os testes de vigor aplicados às sementes não mostraram diferença significativa entre os lotes, com exceção do teste de envelhecimento acelerado. Concluiu-se que o potencial fisiológico de sementes de alface pode ser avaliado com o uso dos testes de primeira contagem, envelhecimento acelerado e emergência em gerbox, enquanto os testes de solução osmótica e de condutividade elétrica necessitam estudos adicionais para adequar suas metodologias e viabilizar a sua utilização para sementes de alface.Termos para indexação: Lactuca sativa, germinação, testes de vigor. METHODS TO EVALUATE THE PHYSIOLOGICAL POTENTIAL IN LETTUCE SEEDSABSTRACT -The physiological quality of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) seeds can be evaluated by germination and vigor tests. However only the germination test is considered as standardized for this species. The objectives of the study were to compare and to identify reliable tests to evaluate the physiological potential of lettuce seeds. Seed lots of cv. Regina and Vera were evalueted by standard germination, first count, osmotic solution, accelerated aging, seedling emergence, electrical conductivity, seedling length and dry mass tests. The experimental design was completely randomized, with mean comparisons by the Tuckey test (p < 0,05). Results of the germination test showed differences among seed lots of 'Regina' and the vigor tests ranked the seed lots according to the physiological potential. However it was observed for 'Vera' that the vigor tests did not detect significant differences among the lots, except for the accelerated aging test. It was concluded that the most suitable tests for determination of the physiological potential of lettuce seeds are the germination first count, accelerated aging and seedling emergence, while the osmotic solution and electrical conductivity tests still need additional studies to adapt their procedures and to make possible the consistent use for lettuce seeds.
4RESUMO -As sementes de alface são de tamanho pequeno, pouca massa e formato irregular, por isso a peletização é a forma utilizada para facilitar sua distribuição e manuseio. Embora a técnica seja conhecida há muitos anos, pouco se estudou sobre os métodos para avaliação da qualidade fisiológica das sementes, após este tratamento. O objetivo do trabalho foi comparar a eficiência de alguns testes para avaliar o vigor em sementes nuas e peletizadas de alface. Utilizaram-se seis lotes de sementes nuas e peletizadas de alface das cultivares Regina e Vera, nos quais se aplicaram os testes de germinação, primeira contagem, envelhecimento acelerado, solução osmótica e índice de velocidade de germinação. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repetições, realizando-se comparação de médias pelo teste de Tukey a 5% de probabilidade de erro. As sementes peletizadas apresentaram menor vigor do que as sementes nuas. Os testes de envelhecimento acelerado, solução osmótica (-0,25 MPa) e o índice de velocidade de germinação foram eficientes para estratificar lotes de sementes nuas de alface, quanto ao vigor, sendo recomendados, também, para uso em sementes peletizadas. Entretanto, a peletização pode exercer influência nos resultados, necessitando adaptações na metodologia para utilização na comparação entre sementes nuas e peletizadas. Termos para indexação: Lactuca sativa, qualidade fisiológica, péletes, testes de vigor ASSESSMENT OF VIGOR IN SIMPLE AND PELLETIZED LETTUCE SEEDSABSTRACT-Lettuce seeds are small with little mass and irregular shape and thus pelletization is the form used to facilitate their distribution and handling. Although the technique has been known for many years, little has been studied on the methods for assessing seed physiological quality after this treatment. The objective of this study was to compare the efficiency of some tests in assessing the vigor in loose and pelletized lettuce seeds. Six batches of loose and pelletized seeds of the Regina and Vera cultivars were used and the germination, first counting, accelerated aging, osmotic solution and germination speed index tests were applied. A completely randomized block design was used with four replications and the means were compared by the Tukey test at 5% probability. The pelletized seeds presented less vigor than the loose seeds. The accelerated aging, osmotic solution (-0.25 MPa) and the germination speed index were efficient in stratifying loose lettuce seed batches for vigor and are also recommended for use on pelletized seeds. However, pelletization can influence the results, requiring adaptations to the methodology for use in comparison among loose and pelletized seeds.
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