-Anthropic action, such as the soil use and management systems, promote changes in the soil structure. These changes might hamper the development of plants in soil management practices that involve its mobilization, and the negative effects might be increased due to intensive use. The aim of this study was to evaluate the physico-hydrical properties of a Haplohumox in integrated production systems under different soil managements. The soil superficial (0.0-0.10 m) and subsuperficial (0.10-0.20 m) layers were evaluated in the different systems: conventional tillage (CT), minimum tillage (MT), no-tillage (NT) and chiseled no-tillage (CNT), taking into consideration the annual ryegrass cropped for different uses [cover crop (C), grazing (G) and silage (S)] during the winter. Soil bulk density (Db), total porosity (TP), macro (Ma) and microporosity (Mi), water retention curves (SWRC) and water retention due to pore size (r) were determined. The annual ryegrass used as C produced lower Db and Mi and higher TP and Ma in CT, MT and CNT systems. No difference was verified between G and S in any of the management systems or soil layers. The superficial layer SWRC presented similar behavior regarding CT, MT and CNT. Under NT, C resulted in higher water retention. However, G and S provided higher water retention due to the pore size in this system. Key words: Haplohumox. No-tillage. Soil physical quality. Crop-livestock integration. Agriculture sustainability.RESUMO -As ações antrópicas, como os sistemas de uso e manejo do solo, promovem alterações em sua estrutura. Estas alterações podem ser restritivas ao desenvolvimento das plantas em manejos do solo que envolva sua mobilização, tendo seus efeitos negativos potencializados pela maior intensificação de uso. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os atributos físico-hídricos de um Latossolo Bruno argiloso em sistemas integrados de produção sob distintos manejos de solo. Para isso avaliou-se a camada superficial (0.0-0.10 m) e subsuperficial (0.10-0.20 m) do solo nos sistemas de cultivo convencional (CT), mínimo (MT), plantio direto (NT) e plantio direto escarificado (CNT) sob diferentes usos da cultura do azevém [planta de cobertura (C), pastejo (G) e silagem (S)]. Determinou-se a densidade (Db), porosidade total (TP), macro (Ma) e microporosidade (Mi), as curvas de retenção de água (CRA) e a retenção de água em função do raio de poro (r). O uso do azevém como C proporcionou menores Db e Mi e maiores TP e Ma nos sistemas CT, MT e CNT. Não foram verificadas diferenças entre G e S para todos os manejos, em ambas as camadas de solo. As CRA da camada superficial entre CT, MT e CNT apresentaram comportamento semelhante. No NT, C proporcionou uma maior retenção de água. Entretanto, G e S proporcionaram maior a retenção de água em função dos raios de poros no NT.Palavras-chave: Latossolo Bruno. Plantio direto. Qualidade física do solo. Integração lavoura-pecuária. Sustentabilidade agrícola.*Autor para correspondência 1 Recebido para publicação em 10/05/2014; aprovado em ...
SUMMARYThe adoption of no-tillage systems (NT) and the maintenance of crop residues on the soil surface result in the long-term increase of carbon (C) in the system, promoting C sequestration and reducing C-CO 2 emissions to the atmosphere. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the C sequestration rate and the minimum amount of crop residues required to maintain the dynamic C equilibrium (dC/ dt = 0) of two soils (Typic Hapludox) with different textural classes. The experiment was arranged in a 2 x 2 x 2 randomized block factorial design. The following factors were analyzed: (a) two soil types: Typic Hapludox (Oxisol) with medium texture (LVTM) and Oxisol with clay texture (LVTA), (b) two sampling layers (0-5 and 5-20 cm), and (c) two sampling periods (P 1 -October 2007; P 2 -September 2008). Samples were collected from fields under a long-term (20 years) NT system with the following crop rotations: wheat/soybean/black oat + vetch/maize (LVTM) and wheat/maize/ black oat + vetch/soybean (LVTA). The annual C sequestration rates were 0.83 and 0.76 Mg ha -1 for LVTM and LVTA, respectively. The estimates of the minimum amount of crop residues required to maintain a dynamic equilibrium (dC/dt = 0) were 7.13 and 6.53 Mg ha -1 year -1 for LVTM and LVTA, respectively. The C conversion rate in both studied soils was lower than that reported in other studies in the region, resulting in a greater amount of crop residues left on the soil surface.Index terms: C sequestration rate, soil texture, subtropical soils.(1) Received for publication in July 25, 2011 and approved in July 10, 2012.(2) Posgraduate student (PhD)
(1) Recebido para publicação em julho de 2010 e aprovado em janeiro de 2011.
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