IntroductionCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) disease attributed to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has shown associations with various fungal opportunistic infections such as mucormycosis, invasive candidiasis, and aspergillosis, which have contributed to the mortality of the disease. In India, the incidence of mucormycosis had risen rapidly during the second wave. There is ample literature demonstrating the role of iron in the pathogenesis of mucormycosis. The hyperferritinemia associated with COVID-19 may have played a significant role in promoting the invasion and extent of the fungus.

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> The study aimed to assess the profile of various pathological conditions that present with nasal mass in Indian patients.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> This is a retrospective observational study of 43 patients of sinonasal masses who visited GMERS Medical College and Hospital, Sola, Ahmedabad, India during May 2017 to March 2020. The clinical profile of sinus or nasal masses were observed along with their radiological features on computed tomography scans of paranasal sinuses. The age and gender sub group were also assessed for distribution of these conditions. Most of the patients were managed with surgical techniques.  </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Overall, clinical profile of 43 patients was observed. The clinicopathological examination aided by endoscopic and imaging studies revealed that 20 (46.5%) patients presented with the non-neoplastic masses and remaining were with neoplastic masses (53.5%). The overall M: F ratio was 1.5:1. Most of the patients belong to         11-30 years age group. The most common symptoms were mass in the nasal cavity and nasal discharge. Polyps were most common lesions seen (25.6%). Surgical intervention in the form of biopsy, excision of mass, functional endoscopic sinus surgery was performed in all patients.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> This study gives an insight into various lesions presenting as sinonasal masses and their clinical and pathological profile. Overall, surgical management in form of excision by endoscopic or external approach is effective modality of treatment supplemented with appropriate medical management.</p>

<p><strong>Background: </strong>High resolution computed tomography (HRCT) provides information about anatomy and pathology of temporal bone and middle ear cleft, thus becoming important imaging modality in diagnosis and pre-operative planning in patients of chronic suppurative otitis media (attico-antral) CSOM (AA) type. The aim of study was to study disease extension and plan surgery accordingly in patients of CSOM (AA) and to study correlation between the HRCT findings and intra-operative findings of CSOM (AA) like soft tissue density mass, ossicular chain erosion, facial canal dehiscence, semi-circular canal erosion.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Study of 70 patients clinically diagnosed of having CSOM (AA) in period between August 2018 to March 2020 was done at Sola civil hospital, Ahmedabad. All patients were advised HRCT temporal bone except those who had contraindications to CT scan, analysed and operated. Pre-operative CT-scan findings and intra-operative findings were compared for statistical analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Soft tissue density was found in 100% of cases on HRCT temporal bone. Bony erosion seen in 25% of cases. 90% showed ossicular erosion. Lateral semi-circular canal fistula was observed in 10% of cases with facial canal dehiscence in 10% of cases. Intra-operative findings showed accuracy of HRCT in detecting soft tissue density to be 100%; bony erosion was observed in 25% cases. 10% patients had lateral semi-circular canal fistula. Facial canal dehiscence was seen in 15% cases.</p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>HRCT has proved quite useful and reliable to identify the disease extension before surgery and plan surgery accordingly.<p> </p>