No abstract

Attractiveness of different amounts of methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the aggregation pheromone of brown-winged stink bug, Plautia stali (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), was tested using different kinds of dispensers. A lure filled with hexane was used as a control treatment. There were no differences in the attractiveness of the pheromone to P. stali and Halyomorpha halys among dispensers (polyethylene-vial, rubber septum, and polyethylene tube). Traps baited with 7, 20, 40, 50, and 60 mg of pheromone were tested for their attractiveness. For females, the 40 mg trap attracted highest number of P. stali, even though there were no significant differences among pheromone amounts. For males, the 40 and 50 mg traps attracted significantly more bugs than the 7, 20, and 60 mg traps and the control traps. Based on these results, the pheromone dispenser impregnated with 40 mg of pheromone will be practical in monitoring P. stali in the field.

In order to manage engineering projects systematically and efficiently, the process of each project execution should be organically linked. The authors developed E-PMS (Engineering-Project Management System) for the linkage of processes. A tool called DECRIS (Detailed Engineering Completion Rating Index System) was developed to measure the completeness at the detailed design stage and to identify the starting point of construction (Steel Cutting). This helps the EPC contractor carry out the project by analysing the impact on schedules and costs during the engineering phase. Next is the DLDs Analysis. This study analysed the relationship between the results of the catch-up of the construction period and the delay liquidated damages (DLDs) based on limited resources and develops a model that can support the decision on whether to perform catch-up. The validity criterion of the model is that the results of the simulation of schedule shortening do not exceed the full DLDs incurred due to no catch-up plan. The result of the schedule catch-up simulation is the cost, which is the sum of the additional budget for a catch-up and the remaining DLDs. The reason for the validation criteria mentioned above is that the costs incurred for acceleration when excessive construction was performed to comply with the construction period can exceed the full DLDs.

No abstract