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This paper reviews the main advances in Fenton and Fenton-based systems as oxidation processes for environmental pollution abatement in three parts. The increase in the disposal of refractory organics demands for newer technologies for the complete mineralization of these wastewaters. Fenton reaction is an advanced oxidation process which has gained wide spread acceptance for higher removal efficiency of recalcitrant organic contaminants under wide range of operational conditions. However, the requirement of strict acidic conditions to prevent iron precipitation still remains the bottleneck for iron-based Fenton and Fenton-based processes.The first part of this paper presents a literature review of the various Fenton reagent reactions which constitute the overall kinetic scheme with all possible side reactions. The second part presents a general review on Fenton and Fenton-based processes developed to degrade organic pollutants. Also fundamentals and main applications of typical methods such as Fenton, electro-Fenton, photo-Fenton, sonophoto-Fenton, sono-electro-Fenton and photo-electro-Fenton are discussed. The last part of this paper presents a review of alternative noniron Fenton catalysts and their reactivity towards hydrogen peroxide activation. Elements with multiple redox states, all directly decompose hydrogen peroxide into hydroxyl radicals through conventional Fenton-like pathways. This part of the present paper also highlights limitations influencing their environmental applications.

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