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Abstract-Qanat / Karez is one the most important and profound inventions of the Iran's Hydraulic engineering. Use of this technique to utilize the underground water (and sometimes groundwater) resources can be aged to more than 3000 years. Today, qanats are being used in 35 other countries, except Iran, in four different continents, and they are still used as irrigation mean.As most publications have focused the technical side of the qanats, this article is trying to study the role of the qanats in the everyday life of the residents in cities like Kashan, Tehran and Yazd with emphasis on urban landscapes. And as such, with the structure interview and case study techniques, we will explore the realities and perceptions of people regarding the functional roles and aspects of qanats in different levels of each city. This article's results will show that roles of qanats in the different aspects lives of the Iran's central cities residents which can be categorized into: Functional, Socio-cultural, Ecological, Economical, and Visual, Cooling, Psychological and tourismheritage. Therefore, different features relating to each of these roles are also provided.Index Terms-Qanat, sustainable water resources, environment, infrastructure, urban form.

One of the best method to increase load bearing capacity and stiffness of reinforced concrete structures subjected to bending is the external prestressing with CFRP strips. Thanks to great mechanical parameters of CFRP strips and high efficiency of prestressing effects, this technology can be a good alternative to conventional strengthening methods and it has recent-ly been more often used for practical application. Tensioning of CFRP strips allows to increase load bearing capacity and stiffness of strengthened structural elements and enhances composite material utilisation in comparison with passive externally bonding technique. The first externally bonded prestressing system has been developed by Leonhardt, Andrä & Partners. This system is known as Sika Leoba

Human beings have a special importance as a main element in developing tourism, and meeting their needs as an inseparable part of tourism is one of the most fundamental factors in developing tourism industry. Human needs are defined by ten elements of: size, degree of safety, contrast, humanistic scale, distance, texture, color, odor, sound, and the variety in physical environment. So far, numerous studies have been carried out on the sense of belonging to place, but a few number of them has ever studied the effect of the ten above-mentioned elements of belonging to place on the tourism development as a progressive industry. Therefore, it was hypothesized that there is a positive relationship between these ten elements of belonging to place and the Development of Tourism Industry. This effect was studied in a descriptive-analytic survey.The main research method is to study the effect of this sense as a basic need on the Development of Tourism in the Shahrekord as tourist site in Iran,, the satisfaction of tourists of ten factors proposed by Fritz Steele as physical, social and environmental factors creating a sense of belonging to place were evaluated. The results revealed that there is a positive and meaningful relationship between any of these elements and tourist attraction in a way that elements like environmental contrast, sound, odor, materials, visual variety, humanistic scale, distance to tourist attraction, size, color, and security of the place, cause an increase in satisfaction of place and Development of Tourism Industry in the cities, respectively