The implementation of inexpensive, Earth-abundant metals in typical noble-metal-mediated chemistry is a major goal in homogeneous catalysis. A sustainable or green reaction that has received a lot of attention in recent years and is preferentially catalyzed by Ir or Ru complexes is the alkylation of amines by alcohols. It is based on the borrowing hydrogen or hydrogen autotransfer concept. Herein, we report on the Co-catalyzed alkylation of aromatic amines by alcohols. The reaction proceeds under mild conditions, and selectively generates monoalkylated amines. The observed selectivity allows the synthesis of unsymmetrically substituted diamines. A novel Co complex stabilized by a PN5 P ligand catalyzes the reactions most efficiently.
The substitution of high-price noble metals such as Ir, Ru, Rh, Pd, and Pt by earth-abundant, inexpensive metals like Co is an attractive goal in (homogeneous) catalysis. Only two examples of Co catalysts, showing efficient C═O bond hydrogenation rates, are described. Here, we report on a novel, easy-to-synthesize Co catalyst family. Catalyst activation takes place via addition of 2 equiv of a metal base to the cobalt dichlorido precatalysts. Aldehydes and ketones of different types (dialkyl, aryl-alkyl, diaryl) are hydrogenated quantitatively under mild conditions partially with catalyst loadings as low as 0.25 mol%. A comparison of the most active Co catalyst with an Ir catalyst stabilized by the same ligand indicates the superiority of Co. Unique selectivity toward C═O bonds in the presence of C═C bonds has been observed. This selectivity is opposite to that of existing Co catalysts and surprising because of the directing influence of a hydroxyl group in C═C bond hydrogenation.
Die Implementierung von preiswerten, auf der Erde häufig vorkommenden Metallen in Edelmetall‐vermittelten Reaktionen ist ein zentrales Ziel in der homogenen Katalyse. Eine nachhaltige oder grüne Reaktion, die große Aufmerksamkeit in den letzten Jahren erhalten hat und vorzugsweise durch Ir‐ oder Ru‐Komplexe katalysiert wird, ist die Alkylierung von Aminen durch Alkohole. Sie basiert auf dem “Borrowing‐Hydrogen”‐ oder “Hydrogen‐Auto‐Transfer”‐Konzept. Wir berichten hier über die Co‐vermittelte Alkylierung von aromatischen Aminen durch Alkohole. Die Reaktion läuft unter milden Bedingungen ab und selektiv monoalkylierte Amine werden erhalten. Die beobachtete Selektivität ermöglicht die Synthese von unsymmetrisch substituierten Diaminen. Ein neuartiger PN5P‐Ligand stabilisierter Co‐Komplex katalysiert die Reaktionen am effizientesten.
Aminalkylierung R. Kempe et al. beschreiben in der Zuschrift auf die Alkylierung von Aminen durch Alkohole in Gegenwart eines Cobaltkatalysators unter milden Bedingungen. Monoalkylierte aromatische Amine und unsymmetrisch substituierte Diamine werden selektiv erhalten.
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