The dynamical processes of the interaction of slow wind beyond Red Giant phase with fast wind of central star of nebula are evaluated. The mechanism of interaction stellar wind model (ISW) is found to be responsible for producing a relatively dense shell of gas which increases in mass and radius at a constant rate. Both slow wind and superwind are assumed to be time independent and radial density is calculated at initial time t o ~ 60 yrs with the fast wind velocity (v ≈ 1000 km/s). The results showed that, at the outer rim of super wind region, a small density hump appears due to the relative velocity between slow winds and central star winds, in a good agreement with the previous models. The dynamical requirements of the observed expansion of planetary nebulae can be satisfied by the mechanism of interacting stellar wind model with reasonable mass loss rate from central star.

The structure and composition of the stellar population in the surface brightness galaxy Ic 467 is studied using BVR CCD photometry. The observations were obtained on the 1.88m optical telescope of Kottamia Astronomical Observatory, KAO, Egypt. A two-dimensional decomposition of the galaxy bulge and disk components is carried out. A powerful star forming region is observed near the galactic center. Based on the positions of the various components of the galaxy in two color diagrams and the surface brightness of the eastern arms in V filter is brighter than the western arm. From the observations, the surface brightness profiles, Ellipticity profiles, position angle profiles and color indices profiles are described and studied.

The goal of our study is to perform detailed multiband surface photometry of the spiral galaxy NGC 4448 and its brightest star-forming regions. The structure and composition of the stellar population in the surface brightness galaxy NGC 4448 was studied using BVR CCD photometry. The observations were obtained on the 1.88 m optical telescope of Kottamia Astronomical Observatory (KAO), Egypt. A two-dimensional decomposition of the galaxy bulge and disk components is carried out. A powerful star forming region is observed near the galactic center. Based on the positions of the various components of the galaxy in two color diagrams. From the observations, the surface brightness profiles, Ellipticity profiles, position angle profiles and color indices profiles are described and studied.