Purpose: This Study aims to test the impact of financial accounting on the decision made by business managements. As well as to analyse the relation among the business management decision and the financial accounting.   Theoretical framework: This research is theoretically covered by accounting knowledge by testing the relationship between the accounting information and decision-making process.   Design/methodology/approach: Data was collected from the tehrantimes.com and it was observed that, there are total 33,800 active small and medium organization operating in Iraq in 2019. For simplifying the survey and data collection as well as to reduce the time and costing of survey, an online survey method is used to get the votes of all responders. In this survey, 836 responders were invited, participated and interviewed using a prepared using well questionnaire.   Findings: The result shows that the business accepts the fact that the financial accounting information, helps in analysing the factors which affect start-ups in the early state of business establishment, the also shows that financial accounting information helps in analysing competitor, and it satisfactorily defines the study of alternative options which buyers may have with respective product or service. The study also shows that financial accounting information does not helps in defining the bargaining capacity of supplier or buyers.   Research, Practical & Social implications: This study helps accounting regulators and process decision maker by having more understanding of this relationship.  In addition, it increases the knowledge of the companies regarding the decision making and accounting information by developing the accounting information system to increase the quality of accounting.   Originality: This research contributes to accounting felid and accounting knowledge  as well as to accounting practice by understanding the relationship between the financial information and decision making.

This article suggests that artificial intelligence (AI) can automate protocol analysis, a form of data analysis in cognitive psychology for inferring the information processes used by individuals from their verbal behavior while solving a problem. We propose a framework to employ think-aloud protocols (TaP) and thematic analysis in qualitative accounting research. Specifically, we use the TaP methodology to explore the impact of legal conflict and the lack of international financial reporting standards (IFRS) knowledge on implementing these accounting standards in a developing country (i.e., Iraq). The article analyzes 32 semi-structured in-depth phone interviews with external auditors, preparers, the capital market, national professional accounting and auditing associations, and academics. The results indicate that the lack of an AI framework, IFRS knowledge, and legislation conflict may adversely interact with standard implementation. This article explores how protocol analysis can benefit from AI support and provide design features. Protocol analysis can provide opportunities for future article, design, and action.

This research examines the impact of the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) on value relevance (VR). It is reported that most previous studies that address value relevance relationships with the IFRS have found conflicting results. For example, a reduction in VR in the US but it enhances in most reviewed studies (Gao et al., 2022). According to the findings, the impact of implementing IFRS varies from country to country. In the UK, the IFRS adoption has decreased the book value (BV) while in France and Germany, has increased. After adopting IFRS during the financial crisis, the findings also suggest that the VR has fallen in these nations. All financial institutions trading on the stock markets of these three nations serve as a sample for this study. Quantitative methods are used to collect data for this study, while SPSS is used for statistical analysis. The data was analysed prior to IFRS (2000–2004), for the global financial crisis of 2008, and later IFRS (2006–2015). This study adds to accounting knowledge by analysing the results of IFRS adoption throughout the time frames. In addition, it helps accounting standards setters and policymakers in developing IFRS quality and establishing related policies.

Banks are usually assessed credit risk based on borrowers’ financial statements to monitor credit risk over the life of the lending contract (Beatty, 2008; Golubeva, 2020). Thus, this research examines the implications of mandatory International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) implementation on the rational investment decisions of lenders and borrowers in the emerging market (e.g., the Iraqi credit market). Quantitative data were collected, nearly 137000 credit/loan contracts and 500 debenture contracts of almost 750 individual companies. We separate the dataset into two periods, earlier and later IFRS implementation using interaction variables to extract other economic factors’ impact on loan contract stipulation. Even though enhancing the quality of financial statements is the most rational objective of IFRS adoption and implementation, the results show insignificant improvement. IFRS implementation has a limited effect in enhancing financial statements’ quality during the conversion period. This finding supports the view that economic advantages do not essentially contribute to the application of IFRS but depend on other considerations and the level of disclosure practices