Purpose: This study proposes the best clustering method(s) for different distance measures under two different conditions using the cophenetic correlation coefficient. Methods:In the first one, the data has multivariate standard normal distribution without outliers for n = 10, 50, 100 and the second one is with outliers (5%) for n = 10, 50, 100. The proposed method is applied to simulated multivariate normal data via MATLAB software. Results: According the results of simulation the Average (especially for n = 10) and Centroid (especially for n = 50 and n = 100) methods are recommended at both conditions. Conclusions: This study hopes to contribute to literature for making better decisions on selection of appropriate cluster methods by using subgroup sizes, variable numbers, subgroup means and variances.

Environmental education and education for the environment today play an important role toward sustainability. Environmental education provided by higher education institutions has an important impact on training and preparing the future generation for a green society. The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship among perception, attitude, and environmental behavior of the university students enrolled in different specialization fields (engineering electrical, mechanical, and economic). A total of 358 students participated in this survey conducted at the North Center University of Baia Mare. To collect data to measure students’ environmental education, perception, students’ attitudes, and behavior a Likert scale was used. In this study, it was revealed that students receiving academic education are involved in activities regarding environmental protection (volunteer, warning, participation, recycling of materials) using the new product and “greener” alternative energy. As a result of the t-test performed, it was put forward that there was no difference in their level of perception regarding the importance of environmental education. As a result of the correlation analysis, a positive relation was identified between the perception, attitude, and behavior variables.

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Purpose This study aims to examine consumer involvement with nutrition labels in the USA. Although food label information including nutrition, size and color are standardized and mandated by Food and Drug Administration, consumers perceive some food labels more confusing than others and many ignore the information by seeing them as unimportant. This study measures the importance of different nutrients and examines the differences between consumers that read nutrition labels and consumers that do not read nutrition labels. Design/methodology/approach In total, 300 consumers were surveyed using Qualtrics internet panel about the importance of nutrition information on food labels. Importance of food nutrients and food serving, size as they impact consumer involvement with food labels, was measured using structural equation modeling. Findings The results indicate perceived risk associated with nutrition labels, and food serving size information impacts consumer involvement with nutrition labels. Practical implications There are a variety of important public policy implications for government agencies and food manufacturers in educating the public about the use of nutrition information on food labels. Originality/value This study expands previous research by adding three more nutrients to the dietary scale from nutrition labels (sodium, cholesterol and carbohydrates) and focuses mainly on the nutrients that are considered to be negative for most people.