Multicystic dysplastic kidney (MCDK) is a congenital cystic kidney disease that can be incidentally seen during the antenatal ultrasound. The condition is most commonly asymptomatic. The clinical presentation is usually characterized by multiple small cysts or a single dominating cyst in the fetal kidney depending on the type of MCDK. Most cases undergo spontaneous involution, and complications like hypertension, infection, and malignancy are rare. We present the case of a young Primigravida who was diagnosed to have a fetus with unilateral MCDK in the second trimester and further followed up later in pregnancy as well as four months postnatally. The pregnancy was unremarkable, but for the diagnosis of MCDK in the second trimester; the infant was doing well at the four-month follow-up. Pre-natal ultrasound and MRI are able to diagnose MCDK reliably. Conservative management and follow-up is currently the most common protocol used to manage MCDK.
In the past decade, percutaneous endovenous stenting has emerged as the primary procedure for treating symptomatic venous outflow obstruction. Stent migration is a rare but serious and well-recognized complication of venous stenting. Cardiopulmonary complications following stent migration can manifest in a number of ways, including damage to the valves, arrhythmias, endocarditis, tamponade, and acute heart failure. Both extracardiac and intracardiac dislodgement of stents may be treated with catheter-directed extraction, stent redeployment, or surgical extraction. The decision on the type of procedure depends on multiple factors including the location of the stent, the size and accessibility of the stent, the symptoms, the extent of damage to the vital structures, and the overall health of the patient. We present the case of a 68year-old male who presented with tachycardia. On further evaluation and workup, he was found to have an iliac venous stent that had migrated to the right atrium.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.