Districts of South Lampung and Pesawaran are malaria endemic areas. The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between climate, Anopheles density and malaria incidence. Mosquito collections were caught by human landing collection all night 06:00 PM-06:00 AM. The relation of climate with Anopheles density and Anopheles density with malaria incidence were analysed by Pearson Product Moment test. The Anopheles bite all night, peaks with 02:00-04:00 AM, outdoor bitings were more frequent than indoor biting. There were relationships between relative humidity and rain fall with Anopheles density, and Anopheles density with malaria incidence one month later.

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Abstract:A new blackfly species, Simulium (Gomphostilbia) parahiyangum sp. nov. is described based on the female, male, pupal and larval specimens collected from Java. This new species is very distinctive among the Gomphostilbia species in possessing prominent dorsal protuberances on abdominal segments 1-5 and a deep postgenal cleft reaching the hypostomium in the larval stage. By the number of antennal segments (11 vs. 10) the male of this species is easily distinguished from that of S. (G.) varicorne Edwards, 1927 reported from Sumatra, to which the larva and pupa of this species had been once thought to be conspecific.

Three new black fly species, i.e., Simulium (Gomphostilbia) padangense sp. nov., S. (Simulium) sumatraense sp. nov. and S. (S.) minangkabaum sp. nov. are described based on females, males, pupae and mature larvae collected from West Sumatra, Indonesia. S. (G.) padangense is unique within the subgenus Gomphostilbia in having the pupal gill with one much inflated and seven slender filaments. S. (S.) sumatraense and S. (S.) minangkabaum are most closely related to S. (S.) celsum from Java and S. (S.) argentipes from Peninsular Malaysia, respectively.

Collections of pupae and larvae of black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) were carried out in 1992 and 1994 at 59 sites in four provinces of Sumatra, Indonesia. As a result, 22 simuliid species including 12 species newly recorded from Sumatra were identified, bringing the total number of simuliid species recorded from Sumatra to 26. All these species were assigned to the genus Simulium s. 1. and placed into three subgenera, i.e., Gomphostilbia (12 spp.) , Nevermannia (3 spp.) , and Simulium s. str. (11 spp.). Further groupings were made at the species-group level within each subgenus. The simuliid fauna of Sumatra is Oriental in character, being very closely related to those of Peninsular Malaysia and Java. Infections with mermithids, microsporidians and/or fungi due to Coelomycidium sp. were found in the larvae of 10 of the 22 black-fly species examined. Key words: Simuliidae, fauna, Sumatra, mermithid, microsporidian fungus provinces (only available data are shown). All samples were collected by H. Takaoka. Lampung Surveys were carried out at two sites (L-1 and L-2) near Mutaralam, and five sites (L-3 to L-7) along the road between Liwa and Gunungkemala in the Barisan Range. L-1. An outlet small stream 0.3 cm wide slowly running from the pond, shaded, water temperature 23°C,