An experiment was conducted to evaluate the role of Piriformospora indica and plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB) in mitigating salinity stress in Trigonella foenum graecum. Plants were subjected to three different levels of salinity, viz., 0, 70, and 150 mM NaCl (electrical conductivity value 0.01, 7.67, and 15.50 mS cm −1 , respectively) using a completely randomized design experiment. The P. indica and PGPB showed positive effects in mitigation of salinity stress in fenugreek plants and elevated various growth responses, viz., shoot and root length, shoot and root dry weight, leaf area, and number of leaves as compared to uninoculated plants. Microbial inoculation significantly enhanced the physiological responses, viz., photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration and internal CO 2 as compared to uninoculated plants. Biochemical aspects like carotenoids, chlorophylls, nitrogen, and protein content were also increased in the microbial inoculated plants as compared to uninoculated plants. However, PGPB was more effective than P. indica in mitigating salinity stress in fenugreek plant. The findings of this study revealed that P. indica and PGPB inoculation can help the plants to overcome the deleterious effects of salinity stress in fenugreek plants.Horticultural crops (spinach, potatoes, tomatoes, and lettuce) and cereals (maize, wheat, rice, and legumes) are sensitive to salinity stress which reduces the yield up to 50%-75% [5]. A plant that is under the influence of salt stress goes through series of morphological, physiological, and molecular modifications, eventually obstructing its maturation [10]. Photosynthesis is affected by soil salinity, which results in a reduction in leaf area. With extended salt tension, old

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Leaf senescence is a crucial developing phase that requires the orderly disassembly of macromolecules in order to transport the nutrients from leaves into other organs and is life-threatening for plants capability. The leaf senescence is the result of a multifaceted and highly regulated mechanism involving the corresponding activities of several pathways. A lot of progress has been made recently in understanding signaling pathways of senescence, as well as how to complete the orderly process of degeneration. This paper mainly covers recent developments in the senescence of leaf and describes the function of phytohormones and essential elements from the molecular network dynamics.