Hydroxyapatite Caio(P04)e(OH)2 is an alloplast material that is used to increase bone regeneration. It can be synthesis by processing natural materials such as fish bones. The purpose of this study was to synthesize hydroxyapatite from natural resources skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) bones with precipitation method. Then, characterize hydroxyapatite morfology with FESEM and its biocompatibility using the preosteoblast MC3T3-E1 cell line. Skipjack tuna bone was synthesized into hydroxyapatite through precipitation method. The morphology of hydroxyapatite sample was revealed with field-emission scanning microscope FESEM. While the constituent elements were analyzed using SEM EDAX. Biocompatibility of hydroxyapatite was tested using preosteoblast cell culture. Cells were treated with different hydroxyapatite concentration 200 μglml, 100 μglml and 5 μg/ml. After incubation with C02 5% at 37°C for 24h,48h and 72h the cultore was tested for viability using MTT Cell Viability Assay Kit. Results were reported as optical density. The study showed that skipjack tuna bone produced grain-shaped particles with almost uniform sizes. The surface material appears to be agglomerates and form pores in between. Weight percentages Ca/P ratio for hydroxyapatite from skipjack tuna bones is 1.94. MTT assay showed cell viability after 3 days. These results suggest that skipjack tuna bone hydroxyapatite is has potential as bone engineering biomaterial

Objective: This study aims to determine the effect that occurs when heat cured acrylic resin is added hydroxyapatite which is synthesized from skipjack fish bones. Material and Methods: This study using 27 samples of heat cured acrylic resin for each mechanical strength divided into 3 groups, namely groups with the addition of 0%, 2%, and 5% hydroxyapatite from the weight of the polymer. Results: The analysis showed a significant decrease in transverse strength with 5% addition of hydroxyapatite group (One-way Anova test, p = 0.001), a significant decrease in impact strength occurred in both groups of 2% and 5% addition of hydroxyapatite (One-way Anova test, p = 0.000), and also the addition of 2% & 5% hydroxyapatite caused a significant decrease in tensile strength (One-way Anova test, p = 0.018). Conclusions: Hydroxyapatite synthesized from skipjack fish bone affects the mechanical strength of acrylic resins, namely transverse, impact and tensile.

Solenostemon rotundifolius is one of the native tubers from Indonesia that has good potential as a flour source. Unfortunately, this kind of potato has poor quality and undesirable functional characteristics so that underutilized in the food industry. Therefore, the processing of Solenostemon rotundifolius into flour product is needed to be modified to improve the quality, obtain the added value of flour, and enhance food product development using a pre-gelatinization treatment. Pre-gelatinization is a hydrothermal process that initiated with boiling and ended with drying. This study evaluated the effect of pre-gelatinization treatment on the physicochemical and functional properties of Solenostemon rotundifolius flour at optimum temperature and time of process (60°C for 7 minutes). The pre-gelatinization treatment produced 89.58 ± 1.47 % yield of flour, reduced the density (0.55 ± 0.02 g/mL) and lightness of flour (71.30 ± 0.14 L value), and declined the amylose content (18.21 ± 1.22 %) compare to the natural flour, while increased the moisture (8.32 ± 0.31 %), ash (3.95 ± 0.06 %), protein (3.43 ± 0.23 %), fat (0.47 ± 0.01 %), starch content (65.11 ± 0.30 %), and amylopectin (46.90 ± 1.51 %). The differences in physicochemical and functional properties were observed among the pre-gelatinization Solenostemon rotundifolius flour with respect to all of parameters. Thus, Solenostemon rotundifolius flour revealed potency as an alternative flour for food diversification and can be used for substituting wheat flour in the various food products.

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