Several risk prediction models of Contrast-associated acute kidney injury (CA-AKI) in patients undergoing cardiac angiography or angioplasty are available. However, the lack of extensive external validations limits generalizability and clinical acceptance. This study conducted the external validation of three CA-AKI predictive risk models (Chen's, Inohara's, and Tziakas' risk models) and determined the incidence of CA-AKI in Thai patients undergoing cardiac angiography or angioplasty. A total of 647 medical records of patients who underwent elective cardiac angiography (n=446) and angioplasty (n=201) were reviewed. Fifty-five percent were male, mean age 62.6±10.2 years, and mean estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) 69.93±24.30 ml/min/1.73 m2). Incidents of CA-AKI, defined as an absolute increase of serum creatinine of at least 0.3 mg/dL within 48 hours or a relative increase of at least 50% within seven days after the procedure, were collected. The results showed that 78 patients (12.1%) had developed CA-AKI. Chen's, Inohara's, and Tziakas' predictive risk models exhibited low discriminative ability with c-statistic of 0.571, 0.551, and 0.530, respectively. Due to low discriminative capability, these risk models may have low sensitivity to predict CA-AKI in Thai patients undergoing elective cardiac angiography or angioplasty.

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Edoxaban is available in 60 mg, 30 mg, and 15 mg unscored film-coated tablets. Tablet splitting may be an option to reduce medication costs and reduce the country's budget. The objectives of this study were to determine the weight variation and the dissolution profile of the 60 mg edoxaban in split half-tablets using a pill splitter. Thirty edoxaban 60 mg tablets were cut into halves by a right-handed pharmacist. The weight variation of the whole and half tablets were compared. For the dissolution test, 6 whole tablets and 12 half-tablets were separately dissolved in three dissolution media. Sixty half-tablets of edoxaban had the expected half-tablet weight within the 75% to 125% range that fell within the proxy United States Pharmacopeia (USP). The mean total weight of the 1 st and 2 nd halves were not significantly different from the mean weight of the intact tablets (p-value=0.216). The amount of drug release from the whole and half tablets in 0.1 N HCl medium was greater than 85% in 15 minutes which met the acceptance criteria for the dissolution test. Edoxaban tablets splitting had low variations in weight. Therefore, edoxaban tablets can be split into halves by a tablet cutter.