The present investigation was conducted to find out the fungal diversity on leaf litter samples collected from Ratangarh forest, Datia. The samples were collected from Jan 2017-June 2017 at monthly intervals. Serial dilution method and PDA media was used for the isolation of fungi. During present investigation, 14 species belonging to 6 different fungal genera have been isolated and identified. Out of these, 2 species belongs to class Zygomycota and 12 species belongs to class Ascomycota and their anamorphs. nidulans, Ascochyta sp., Penicillium chrysogenum, Penicillium aurantiogriseum, Trichoderma reesei, and Trichoderma viride were found as late colonizers over leaf litter of Acacia catechu. In all stages of decomposition, fungi belonging to the Ascomycota were predominant. The present investigation provides valuable information about diversity of leaf litter fungi of tropical forest. Species namely Mucor hiemalis, Rhizopus stolonifer, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus japonicus and Torula sp. were early colonizers while Aspergillus nidulans, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus fumigatus, Emericella

In this study, the effect of Rhizobium and mycorrhizal fungal spores were examined on Vigna radiata (Mung bean). Seeds of Mung bean var. PDM-139-SAMRAT were sown in plastic pots, in the mixture of half soil and half sand. Rhizobium and mycorrhizal fungal spores inoculated individually and in combination with mung seeds. After germination data have been reported for plant height, leaf area, number of root nodules and pods, chlorophyll amount and yield measured after 30,45,60,75,90 and 120 days of sowing. Results of these experiments showed that Rhizobium and mycorrhiza positively affected the growth and yield of mung plant. Combined inoculation of Rhizobium and mycorrhiza shows better results in comparison to their individual inoculation. Mixture of Rhizobium and mycorrhizal spores improve the growth, yield, number of root nodules and pods, leaf area and chlorophyll amount of mung plant.

The surroundings in which we live comprises of numerous life forms such as birds, fishes, plants and trees. In simple terms, it is the variability and variety of living organisms together with ecological facilities in which they exist. Over the years, the biodiversity has been facing rapid depletion as a result of habitat loss, excessive exploitation of resources, climatic changes, diseases, pollution, poaching of animals etc. In order to correct this scenario, vital steps for biodiversity conservation have to be taken by public in general along with the government and social organizations. Thus, biodiversity conservation has become a major issue in present times. The term biodiversity was coined as a contraction of biological diversity in 1985. Biodiversity may be defined as the variety and variability of living organisms and the ecological complexes in which they exist. In other words, biodiversity is the occurrence of different types of ecosystems, different species of organisms with the whole range of their variants and genes adapted to different climates, environments along with their interactions and processes. Loss of biodiversity occurs when either the habitat essential for the survival of a species is destroyed, or particular species are destroyed. The former is more common as habitat destruction is a fallout of development. The latter reason is encountered when particular species are exploited for economical gain or hunted for sport or food. Extinction of species may also be due to environmental factors like ecological substitutions, biological factors and pathological causes which can be caused by nature or man. Conservation of biodiversity is protection, upliftment and scientific management of biodiversity so as to maintain it at its threshold level and derive sustainable benefits for the present and future generation.

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The impact of Rhizobium and mycorrhizal fungal spores on two varieties (RVG 202 and Radhey) of Cicer arietinum (Chickpea) was studied in this research. In the research field of the Bipin Bihari College Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh, seeds of chickpea varieties RVG 202 and Radhey were sown. Chickpea seeds were inoculated individually and together with Rhizobium and mycorrhizal spores. After germination, measurements of plant height, plant weight, the number of root nodules and number of pods, amount of chlorophyll, leaf area, and total yield were recorded. The data were measured after 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, and 120 days after sowing. According to the findings of these tests, mycorrhiza and Rhizobium had a good impact on the growth and yield of chickpea plant. When Rhizobium and mycorrhiza are inoculated together, the results are better than when they are inoculated separately.