In 2011, Bunman et al., extracted proteoglycan from the head of fish cartilage and developed cream extraction from the head of fish cartilage. Proteoglycan is a hybrid molecule composed of a central core protein by bonding it with polysaccharides (glycosaminoglycans or GAGs) with a covalent bond, previously called mucopolysaccharide due to its physical property (jelly-like, sticky and viscosity). GAGs can be divided into 5 groups: chrondroitin/chorndroitan sulfate, keratin/keratin sulfate, dermatin/dermatan sulfate, heparin/heparan and hyaluronan. Proteoglycan in cartilage plays an important role in wound healing because the molecular structure is similar to an epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like domain. The bioactive mechanism of proteoglycan is also similar to that of EGF with regard to wound healing through promotion of epidermal growth and regeneration of tissues and blood vessels. 1 In 2015, this material was added to silver sulfadiazine to accelerate and facilitate wound healing and to promote collagen synthesis. 1 After that, they studied liver and kidney toxicity in rats receiving cream containing proteoglycan extraction from fish cartilage in 2016. This result demonstrated that the cream containing proteoglycan extracted from fish cartilage accelerated and facilitated wound healing without causing to toxic effects to the liver and kidney in rats in long term use. 2 In 2018, Bunman et al., formulated a new serum for facial use, which when applied promotes collagen synthesis and wrinkle relief. The study demonstrated that this serum has accelerated collagen synthesis and low potential skin sensitization in rat models. 3 In 2019, Bunman developed and formulated a new cream for facial use, called "bright and firm hybrid emulsion I". Bright and firm hybrid emulsion I is composed of many active ingredients such as pseudoalteromonas ferment extract, chlamydomonas extract, hamamelis virginiana (witch hazel) extract, and astaxanthin etc. to reduce wrinkles, to increase facial whitening and to promote collagen synthesis. However, this product does not have scientific findings of antioxidant activity, collagen synthesis, and stability.

In 2011, Bunman et al., 1 discovered and developed cream extraction from the head of fish cartilage. In 2015, this material has been added to silver sulfadiazine for accelerate and facilitate wound healing and to promote collagen synthesis. In 2016, Bunman et al., 2 studied liver and kidney toxicity in rats receiving cream extraction from fish cartilage. This result demonstrated that cream extracted from fish cartilage accelerated and facilitated wound healing without causing toxic effects to the liver and kidney in rats in long term use.In 2018, Bunman 3 formulated a new serum for facial wrinkle relief and to promote collagen synthesis. The study demonstrated that this serum has accelerated collagen synthesis and low potential skin sensitization in rat models. In 2019, Bunman developed and formulated a new cream for facial care, Bright and Firm Hybrid Emulsion I. Bright and Firm Hybrid Emulsion I is composed of many active ingredients to reduce wrinkles, to promote facial whitening and collagen synthesis. However, this product hasn't been investigated for potential skin sensitization in humans.The aim of this study is to evaluate potential skin sensitization of applied Bright and Firm Hybrid Emulsion I using modified HRIPT.

Silicosis, a long-standing occupational lung disease, is still a worldwide health problem. Although many international organizations lead the effort to eliminate this incurable disease, there are newly reported cases continuously. Primary prevention is crucial. If the best resolution is not perfectly implemented, secondary prevention, including early diagnosis of silicosis is essential. However, there is still the problem of underdiagnosis which results in patients continuing working leading to disease progression. The authors present three underdiagnosed cases of employees working in the same company. It is hoped the present study may lead to the improvement of silicosis prevention in the country.