There are more than 130 million females worldwide who have been suffered from female genital mutilation. This kind of practice could lead to severe health consequences and became health and human rights issues which gradually spread to western countries because of the migration of population. This article reviews the policies and attitudes of female genital mutilation in the western world. It compares them with female genital cosmetic surgery and finds that even though there are similarities in purpose and operation forms between these two practices, the statement about female genital mutilation and female genital cosmetic surgery differs greatly. For example, female genital surgery was seen as human rights abuse and harmed females' health. On the contrary, female genital cosmetic surgery was considered a safe surgical treatment that could improve their quality of life. It was regarded as self-esteem and a sense of empowerment among the female population. Although it seems that no data reflects that female genital cosmetic surgery might or has already been carried out for cultural or religious reasons, it is strongly publicized as what women do out of their own will and pleasure.