A BSTRACT Clinacanthus nutans ( C. nutans ) is an edible profitable herb with high phenolic content that recognized herb relieves skin disorder, antityrosinase, and anticancer. Along with these health benefits C. nutans , however, there is no study on the factors that influence the phenolic content of C. nutans extraction by water-based ultrasonic-microwave-assisted extraction (UMAE). The aim of this study evaluates UMAE conditions (ultrasonic power, microwave power, and extraction time) on responses using response surface Box–Behnken design and compared with the hydrothermal extraction. The findings found that the caffeic acid and ferulic acid content decrease with increasing the microwave power and long extraction time ( P <0.05). The combination factors significant impact on the phenolic compound are microwave power with a time of extract and ultrasonic with microwave power ( P <0.05). The optimization UMAE of C. nutans was ultrasonic power 150 W, microwave power 50 W, and time of extraction 3 min ( P < 0.05), and final temperature after extraction should be <60°C. UMAE was a four-fold greater target response and a sixty-fold lower extraction time compared to conventional hydrothermal extraction. The synergistic of ultrasonic and microwave power encourages extraction efficiency, which is advantageous to prepare the high-quality C. nutans extracted raw materials to apply in the nutraceutical, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industry.

Alteration of the apoptosis pathway, as well as the presence of human papilloma virus (HPV), has been linked to the proliferative capacity and drug resistant phenotype of SiHa cervical cancer. We investigated the roles of E6 and E7 HPV oncoproteins in the expression of apoptosis regulating genes in cervical cancer cells that contain the characteristics of apoptosis resistance, and also their correlation with resistance to various apoptosis inducing agents. The expression of the sets of apoptosis regulating genes in both extrinsic (receptor) and intrinsic (non-receptor) pathways were monitored in parental SiHa and multi-drug resistant SiHa (SiHaR) cell lines by RNase protection assay and RT-PCR. An increase in gene expression of intrinsic pathway anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-X L was seen, both at the mRNA and protein levels, in SiHaR compared with SiHa cells, whereas the expression of the genes involved in the extrinsic pathway remained unchanged. SiHaR cells also expressed higher levels of E6 and E7 than did SiHa. Caspase 3 activity was lower in SiHaR compared with that in SiHa cells. A colony formation assay demonstrated enhanced resistance of SiHaR cells to several types of apoptosis inducing agents, including etoposide, doxorubicin, cisplatin, and γ-radiation. Transfection of HPV-negative C33a cells with HPV oncogenes, E7 in particular, induced transcription of Bcl-X L , supporting the role of HPV oncoproteins in affording chemo-radio resistance in cervical cancer.

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Pleurotus ostreatus, the worldwide edible mushroom, has a potent economic values and medicinal properties. In this study, nutritional properties, antioxidant, and anti-acetylcholinesterase activities of P. ostreatus were investigated. The extracts were prepared by maceration and soxhlet extraction with ethanol and decoction with distilled water. Nutritional analysis showed that P. ostreatus has high content of fibers (45.5%), proteins (20.8%) and carbohydrates (68.4%) with low content of lipids (0.56%). HPLC analysis revealed that P. ostreatus has high content of the potential health promoting of β-glucan (42.8%). Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is a key enzyme in nervous system. Inhibition of this enzyme is used for the symptomatic treatment of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the most common disease in aging population. Ellman colorimetric method was used to determine Acetylcholinesterase inhibitory (AChEI) activity. All extracts found containing high AChEI activity (IC50 = 1.75-5.91 mg/ml). Oxidative stress plays a major role in the pathogenesis of AD, thus antioxidant activity was also performed in this study. DPPH assay exhibited all P. ostreatus extracts had high antioxidant activity (IC50 = 0.59-5.47 mg/ml). The results suggested that P. ostreatus should be beneficial for AD treatment and the most efficient nutraceutical and functional foods.

It has been long known for the beneficial activity of meat LAB starters in prevention of the growth of spoilage bacteria. However, the bacteria can also produce favorable conditions for the growth of other beneficial microorganisms as well as eliminate the risk of bacterial growth and prevent meat spoilage. In this study, the LAB starters after isolated from commercial fermented pork were inoculated into the meat in the traditional meat fermentation process. It showed that the bacteria could be lowering pH of the fermentation to 5.2. The results revealed that LAB starters could inhibit pathogenic bacterial growth of L. monocytogenes within 3 days as well as lowering pH thus inducing the numbers of LAB as higher activity of sugar utilization and producing lactic acid. Therefore, all these data can indicate the benefits of LAB on the indigenous beneficial species in meat fermentation process.