Cerebral venous thrombosis is increasing common disease in daily practice with sharing clinical nonspecific symptoms. This disorder is potentially lethal but treatable, oftenly it was overlooked in both clinical and radiologic in routine practice. Whenever, clinical suspected, prompt investigation by noninvasive imaging Magnetic resonance (MR) or advanced modilities such as cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT), MRV (MR Venography) will helpful in prompt diagnosis and treatment. These imaging modalities may reveal either direct sign (visualization of intraluminal clot) and indirect signs (paranchymatous change, intracranial hemorrhage). By using of effective treatment will improve the prognosis of the patient. This review summarizes insights into etiology, incidence, imaging modalities and current of the treatment.

The rare cheiro-oral-pedal syndrome (COPS) is characterized by sensory disturbances around the corner of the mouth, and in the hand and foot of the same side. The causative lesion is located in the thalamocortical projections, thalamus or brainstem and is usually due to ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke. We report a case of a patient with brain stem cavernous malformations presented as pure COPS with additional sensory disturbance in the thorax. We report this case to raise awareness of these very rare syndromes and demonstrate that mildly presenting symptoms can be caused by an underlying devastating condition.

Objective: To study the diagnostic performance of MR neurography (MRN) for brachial plexus injuries and to optimize the protocol using clinical contexts as the reference standard. Methods: There were 21 patients with brachial plexus injury who were scheduled for conventional myelography. A brachial plexus MRN including T2-weighted image-high resolution (T2WI/HR), mDIXON and diffusion weighted image was performed prior to a conventional myelography on the same day. The results of the conventional myelography and the MR imaging were recorded and compared, with the clinical contexts as the reference standard. The sensitivities, specificities, accuracies, false positive and false negative were calculated and compared. Results: The accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, false positive and false negative of the conventional myelography were 69.52%, 73.61%, 60.61%, 19.70% and 48.72%, respectively. The diagnostic performance of T2WI/HR were 72.00%, 78.26%, 58.06%, 19.40% and 45.45% for T2WI/HR, respectively which were comparable to those of conventional myelography. The accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, false positive and false negative of the combination of T2WI/HR and mDIXON were 78.00%, 97.10%, 35.48%, 22.99% and 15.38%, respectively which yielded the highest accuracy. Conclusion: MRN with the combination of T2WI/HR and mDIXON was superior to conventional myelography for the evaluation of brachial plexus injuries due to its shorter processing time, the lack of a need for contrast medium administration, its noninvasive nature, and the provision of information about both preganglionic and postganglionic injuries.