[Analysis of the History, Impact and Management of Earthquake Disaster during the Covid-19 Pandemic in West Sulawesi] Geographical, demographic, sociological, meteorological and climatological conditions of Indonesia make Indonesia in a disaster-prone area (natural, non-natural, and social). This condition can be used as a laboratory to produce disaster experts, knowledge and technology in Indonesia. Law 24/2007 as a framework for disaster management systems in Indonesia currently prioritizes the disaster mitigation paradigm so that a strong commitment and participation of all parties is needed to build and run this system properly. However, currently Indonesia is faced with multiple disasters that occurred during the Covid-19 pandemic. This is supported by data on the earthquake disaster in West Sulawesi on January 15, 2021 which occurred amid the potential for the spread of Covid-19 infection. The character of the risk in this problem is how to minimize the time for evacuation, emergency response and recovery of community conditions without neglecting the potential for transmission of Covid-19 infection. This study uses a descriptive quantitative approach with secondary data in the form of BNPB volunteer desks, BNPB current situation reports and population data and civil records. The data analysis technique uses quantitative methods through univariate analysis. The results showed that the history of disaster recorded that in

Pidie Jaya District Government's Capacity for Multi-Hazard Disaster Risk Reduction to SupportNational Security] Pidie Jaya Regency is one of the areas in Aceh Province with geographical conditions that mostly consist of coastal areas and active fire mountains which make Pidie Jaya regency have a high risk of experiencing various kinds of disasters (multi-hazard) such as earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, tsunamis, and flood. This condition requires the Government of Pidie Jaya Regency to increase its capacity in disaster risk reduction (DRR) activities, so that it can reduce losses and casualties due to disasters. The DRR focuses on reducing vulnerabilities and increasing the capacity of the community which is in line with the direction of Sendai Framework. This study aims to analyze the capacity of the Government of Pidie Jaya in facing multi-hazard using Sendai Framework as a reference assistance. The subjects in this study were Pidie Jaya Regency Government Agencies. The method used in this study is descriptive qualitative with data from interviews and literature studies. The results of the research triangulation showed that the capacity of the Government of Pidie Jaya Regency received a total value of 12 of the maximum value of 16. The DRR capacity of the Pidie Jaya Regency Government was classified as "good". If the Pidie Jaya Regency Government is able to manage disaster risk properly, it will cause comfort and safe in the community which is one of national security indicator.

There were several things that were important points for Indonesia by paying attention to several things, firstly, Indonesia must be aware of the security situation in the North Natuna Sea, which was often disputed by several regional countries. Conflicts in regional areas would affect security because geographically, Indonesia was very close to this area and even directly in contact with the North Natuna Sea. The conflict would also have an impact on economic conditions, because the Natuna sea area was the crossing area of international ships that were going to industrial areas, including Indonesia. The purpose of this article was to analyzed the threats and reconstruct Indonesia's maritime security in the context of realizing national resilience. The case study of this research was on the Natuna sea conflict. This research used descriptive qualitative data analysis techniques. Based on the analysis, the threat analysis had been seen through response management against the form of violation in the Natuna sea area, by Bakamla RI, Lanal, Lantamal, and the Regional Government, also the Central Government through the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. This could be used as a form of development (reconstruction) for Indonesian Maritime Resilience in order to provided support for national resilience to strengthened national defense. ABSTRAK Terdapat beberapa hal yang menjadi poin penting bagi Indonesia dengan memperhatikan beberapa hal yaitu pertama, Indonesia harus mewaspadai situasi keamanan di Laut Natuna Utara yang sering terjadi sengketa oleh beberapa negara kawasan. Konflik di daerah kawasan akan mempengaruhi keamanan karena secara geografis wilayah Indonesia sangat berdekatan dengan wilayah tersebut dan bahkan bersinggungan langsung dengan wilayah Laut Natuna Utara. Konflik juga akan berimbas dengan kondisi ekonomi, dikarenakan wilayah laut Natuna merupakan perlintasan internasional kapal-kapal yang hendak berlayar menuju wilayah industrial termasuk Indonesia. Artikel ini bertujuan menganalisis ancaman dan rekontruksi kemanan maritim Indonesia dalam rangka mewujudkan ketahanan nasional.Studi kasus penelitian ini pada konflik perairan Natuna. Penelitian ini menggunakan teknik analisis data kualitatif deskriptif.Berdasarkan analisis, analisis ancaman sudah terlihat melalui manajemen respon terhadap bentuk pelanggaran di wilayah periaran Natuna, oleh Bakamla RI, Lanal, Lantamal dan Pemerintah Daerah, serta Pemerintah Pusat Melalui Kementerian Luar Negeri. Hal inilah yang dapat dijadikan sebagai bentuk bangunan (rekonstruksi) terhadap Ketahanan Maritim Indonesia guna memberikan dukungan terhadap ketahanan nasional untuk memperkuat pertahanan negara.

Cryptography in various communications both online and offline is very necessary and generally cryptography is used to secure data in the form of text while non-text data requires special algorithms. Base64 is an encoding algorithm that can convert non-text data into binary data so that the data can be secured with cryptographic algorithms such as the GOST algorithm. The combination of the BASE64 and GOST algorithms is expected to be able to secure all types of data that exist and have the ease of returning to their original form without damaging the original data, besides this combination will increase data security because the combination of these two algorithms produces ciphertext that is difficult to know if the process is done cryptanalyst by third parties. The results of the combination of Base64 and GOST algorithms are expected to be able to deliver dynamic security contributions to various existing data objects so that they can be used both online and offline.

The Indonesian archipelago is inside the Pacific Ring of Fire, which is a lot of volcanoes that curve around from the north of the island of Sumatra, Java, Nusa Tenggara to North Sulawesi. As a response to that condition, Disaster Management philosophies are divided into three points. First, keep people away from the threat of disaster (hazard); secondly, keep disaster away from society. If these two attitudes are difficult to do, the third choice is to keep in harmony, be friends with the threats, and develop local wisdom. It is a study that aims to increase the capacity of communities affected by the Semeru eruption and minimize the impact of the Semeru eruption. This study uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive method that relies on text and visual data. The data collection techniques are carried out through observation, interviews, literature studies, and focus group discussions (FGD).The community's ability to deal with the Semeru eruption disaster is proven by their participation in disaster management both during pre-disaster, during the disaster, and post-disaster, lost their families, properties, and other things in their life, due to all of the sudden threats. So, it is necessary to evaluate the capacity building of disaster-aware communities by increasing these capacities to reduce the loss of lives, properties, and other essential things by keeping people away from the threat of eruption by relocating residents to the areas that are safe from the disaster.