Introduction: In recent years, the seismic vulnerability of structures in Malaysia has attracted the attention of researchers mainly because the majority of existing structures have not been designed for seismic actions. In this study, seismic vulnerability of tall concrete wall buildings has been investigated through the development of seismic fragility curves. Methods: Two 25-story tall buildings with similar plans but with the different number of parking levels were analyzed through the incremental dynamic analysis. The tall buildings were excited by 15 far-field earthquakes, and their inter-story drift demands and capacities were estimated. Nonlinear response of beams and columns was simulated through the lumped plasticity model. The inelastic response of concrete walls was taken into account through the use of distributed plasticity fibre-based elements. Results and Conclusion: The obtained results indicated that the probability of exceeding minor damage to the tall concrete wall buildings located in the Kuala Lumpur city was around 55%. However, the probability of collapse of these structures in the same city was less than 15%.

Tall buildings have been widely constructed in Malaysia, and most of them have been designed only for gravity and wind loads. This study addresses the seismic vulnerability of two tall concrete wall buildings in Malaysia through the framework of seismic fragility curves. The studied buildings shared a similar plan, but the first building had five parking levels while the second building had three parking levels. The structural system of both buildings at the parking levels was an ordinary moment-resisting frame, and at the residential levels was a low-ductile concrete shear wall system. The reference structures were subjected to 15 near-field earthquake records. Fragility curves were obtained by relating the inter-story drift demands to the peak ground accelerations using a reliable statistical model. It was observed that in both buildings, the probability of exceeding minor damage to the exterior frame was larger than that of the interior frame. Besides, a decrease in the number of parking levels increased the probability of collapse. It was also found that only minor damage was expected for tall concrete wall buildings in Kuala Lumpur when subjected to near-field earthquakes.

Inland water ecosystems in Indonesia face an increasing threat of alien and invasive alien fish species. Their existence have been found in Indonesian waters since before 1900, and their introduction is rapid and ongoing. In this review, we mapped the distribution of alien and invasive alien fish in different inland waters ecosystem types and islands in Indonesia, based on available literature indexed by Google Scholar. Impacts of invasive alien fish and how to control them are also discussed. This data mining exercise resulted in the successful mapping of alien and invasive alien fish in 72 lakes and 57 river systems, covering 28 provinces. A total of 50 species have spread with different compositions in each type of ecosystem and island. Oreochromis niloticus is the most commonly encountered alien species. Moreover, invasive cichlid fish are most frequently found in lakes, while Pterygoplichthys spp. are more frequently found in rivers although they can also inhabit many lakes. Java Island is a hotspot of alien and invasive alien fish distribution, with 39 species reported. Invasive alien fish harm native and endemic fish in Indonesia through competition for food, space and direct predation. The gradual reduction of established populations of invasive alien species is necessary to protect Indonesia’s freshwater ecosystems.