The goals of this study were to find out the most dominant types of grammatical cohesion used in undergraduate thesis belonged students of study program of English language education at Hamzanwadi university by M.A.K Halliday’s theory. This study was classified into descriptive qualitative research with discourse approach. The author used documentation in the form of students’ undergraduate thesis for collecting the data. There were two kinds of data taken, namely primary and secondary data. The primary data referred to the thesis written by the learners of the eight semesters as their partial fulfilment task before having bachelor degree. The secondary data was data that complete the main data. The author showed the data in line with Creswell and Poth theory in which the author related the theory by examining the grammatical of the thesis. The research finding revealed the most dominant type of grammatical cohesion was reference which appear 6149 times or 65, 29 % then conjunction which was found 3107 times or 32, 99 %. Meanwhile, the least dominant types of grammatical cohesion were substitution which appeared 145 times (1, 53%) and ellipsis which appeared 16 times (0, 16%).

To ensure that the learning process during the COVID-19 pandemic runs smoothly, all universities in Indonesia have implemented online learning. However, based on the observations made, online learning, especially when carried out synchronously, appears to still be not as optimal as offline learning. This study aims to find out the voices of Indonesian EFL learners on synchronous learning during the covid-19 pandemic. Designed as descriptive qualitative, this study examined 50 students who voluntarily participated as the sampled group. In collecting the data, the researchers used a self-written reflection and questionnaire with four scales that were distributed using Google Form to the participants. The questionnaire was related to respectful attitude, benefits, and obstacles of synchronous learning. All collected data were then analyzed using the sequential explanatory processes. The result of data analysis revealed that Indonesian EFL learners still showed a good respectful attitude during the synchronous learning process, although they agreed that learning synchronously faces a few obstacles, such as unsupported devices and unfavorable learning environments. In addition, they also feel that the teaching and learning process synchronously during the COVID-19 pandemic provided them with several benefits, especially those related to safety, efficiency, and effectiveness.Keywords: EFL learners; synchronous learning; COVID-19 pandemic