Introduction: Previous literature suggests that good nutrition knowledge does not necessarily translate into desired eating behaviours among adolescent athletes, which may affect their sports performance. The purposes of the study were twofold, which were to examine nutrition knowledge and practice between the sexes, and to evaluate the magnitude of relationship between nutrition knowledge and practice among adolescent handball athletes in Malaysia. Methods: Three hundred and twelve male and female adolescent handball players competing in a national level competition voluntarily participated in this study. The participants were asked to complete a questionnaire which consisted of items on their demographic information and about their nutrition knowledge and eating practices. Independent t-test and Pearson’s correlation were used to compare nutrition knowledge and practice between the sexes and to describe the relationship between variables, respectively. Results: The results showed that there were no significant differences (p>0.05) observed for nutrition knowledge and practice between the sexes. Besides, the results demonstrated that nutrition knowledge had a significant but weak positive correlation with eating habit (r=0.114, p=0.003) among the athletes. Conclusion: This study showed that nutrition knowledge and practice were moderately adequate, and that knowledge does not necessarily translate into good dietary practices. Therefore, the athletes would benefit from a comprehensive and innovative nutrition education, a strategy which warrants further investigation.

Introduction: Futsal players must master dribbling in attack and defense positions for a more significant competitive advantage. Optimizing technical control can positively influence decision-making. However, the literature lacks comparative analyses focused on the coverage distance of this technique in sports finals and semifinals. Objective: Analyze the coverage distance of dribbling by futsal players, comparing semifinals and finals results in the Indonesian Futsal League 2021. Methods: A cross-sectional research design method is used in this research. The samples consisted of four games (two semifinal games and two final games) played by four teams (40 players). Movie Maker software was used to cut videos on each dribbling movement, and Kinovea software analyzed dribbling distance. Dribbling-distance differences between the first and second halves of the games were calculated using Wilcoxon’s test. Results: The results show no statistically significant difference in dribbling distances between the first and second halves of the semifinals and finals (p = 0.402 for the semifinals dan p = 0.090 for the finals). Regarding the team analysis, most of the dribbling distances covered in the first and second halves of the semifinals and finals by players from each team were not statistically different, except those covered by Team BTS players in the finals. In all, there were 712 dribbling occurrences in the semifinals and finals, covering 5621.98 meters. The average dribbling distance was 7.90 meters and SD 4.41. Conclusions: The dribbling-distance coverage in the semifinals and finals of the Indonesian Futsal League 2021 was an average of 7.90 meters; no statistically significant difference was found between the finals and semifinals results.Evidence Level II; Therapeutic Studies – Investigating the results.

Introduction: The passing technique requires a high skill level because the futsal field is narrow, and the distance between players is short, demanding strength and accuracy. An instrument of performance test is necessary to verify the evolution of this technique among the players. Objective: This study aims to develop a test instrument to measure the performance of futsal passing. Methods: Instrument preparation and reliability validity tests were applied in 120 athletes. Results: The results evidenced validity in the instrument with one minute passing time; that is, pass one is 0.855, and pass two is 0.857. The reliability value of the first Pass is 0.81, and the second Pass is 0.812. Conclusion: The development of the pass test tool is valid and reliable for its use in measuring the basic passing technique in soccer. Evidence Level II; Therapeutic Studies – Investigating the results.

Introduction: Dexamethasone is a type of drug that is considered a steroid. It belongs to a class of drugs known as corticosteroids. Objective: Develop an electrochemical sensor of dexamethasone in a pharmaceutical sample using electrodes modified with nanostructures of MnO2 and reduced graphene oxide (MnO2/rGO). The glassy carbon electrodes (GCE) used to make the GO nanostructures were first modified using a modified Hummers technique before electrochemically reduced. Methods: MnO2 nanomaterials were electrochemically deposited on rGO/GCE. SEM structural investigation indicated vertical tetragonal crystal development of -MnO2 nanostructures in sprayed rGO nanostructures. Results: Because of the high composite surface area, multiple exposed active sites, and the synergistic effect of MnO2 and rGO, the electrocatalytic reaction to dexamethasone of MnO2/rGO/CPE was shown to be broad, selective, stable, and sensitive in electrochemical tests using amperometry. It was established that the linear range, sensitivities, and detection limit of the sensor are 0 to 260 µM, 4.6153µA/µM and 0.005 µM, respectively. The MnO2/rGO/CPE was tested for accuracy and applicability in determining dexamethasone in pharmacological and human urine samples. Conclusion: The results revealed that the sensor could prepare acceptable recovery (96.34%) and RSD (3.58%), suggesting that it could be used as a reliable dexamethasone sensor in clinical samples. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - Investigation of treatment outcomes.

Physical education (PE) subject is an important component in the national curriculum in Malaysia to produce a healthy and fit young generation. Active involvement in physical activity and exercise can improve cognitive function and aerobic capacity of children. In regards to that, High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) is an alternative training protocol to improve body physiological function, fitness performance and health. Furthermore, HIIT has recently attracted significant research attention in a wide range of population lately. The objective of this study is to investigate the need of High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) in the implementation of PE activities. The survey study through a questionnaire involved a total of 220 primary school PE teachers who were selected by purposive sampling technique. The questionnaire was divided into two parts, part A consists of information and background of the respondents, part B is about the development of HIIT activity module implementation in PE. Data were analyzed descriptively. This study showed that 86.8 percent of teachers agree that there is a need to develop HIIT module for PE subject as an initiation of HIIT activities in PE to ensure the practice of HIIT activities in long term among young minds. The implications of this study suggested that teachers pay attention to the need to develop HIIT module as an alternative training program that increases physical fitness among kids. Therefore, this study is expected to provide a basic overview of the need to develop a HIIT module to be practiced in PE class as the implementation of HIIT improves aerobic fitness optimally in a shorter time period.