ABSTRAKKonektivitas dibutuhkan sebagai instrumen bagi pemerataan pembangunan ekonomi, peningkatan daya saing, dan pemerataan pembangunan wilayah termasuk pada membuka keterisoliran wilayahwilayah perbatasan, tertinggal/terbelakang, dan terpencil. Konektivitas diwujudkan dengan sistem transportasi air sebagai tulang punggungnya. Untuk menyelenggarakan transportasi air yang optimal, maka dibutuhkan integrasi antara sub sistem kegiatan (demand side), sub sistem jaringan (supply system), sub sistem pergerakan, dan sub sistem kelembagaan sebagai kerangka sistematis dalam konteks kesatuan sistem transportasi air yang terpadu dan berkesinambungan. Dengan menggunakan metode analisis konten, tulisan ini mencoba untuk mengidentifikasikan kondisi penyelenggraan transportasi air di Indonesia saat ini yang diuraikan berdasarkan keempat sub sistem pembentuk sistem transportasi seperti yang telah disebutkan sebelumnya. Kemudian berdasarkan hasil identifikasi tersebut, dirumuskan masukan terhadap penyelenggraan transportasi air terpadu di Indonesia dengan luaran utama berupa kajian terhadap saran dan solusi yang dapat dilakukan pada masing-masing sub sistem pembentuk sistem transportasi air yang saling terintegrasi. Sistem transportasi air yang baik tidak dapat dilaksanakan secara parsial karena antarkomponen dan elemen di dalamnya akan saling mempengaruhi dan memiliki keterkaitan yang sangat erat (sistemik dan siklis). Penyelenggaraan transportasi air yang terpadu menjadi upaya strategis untuk mengakselerasi dan memantapkan konektivitas nasional dalam menjangkau seluruh pelosok nusantara. Kata kunci : kajian, kebijakan, transportasi perairan, konektivitas ABSTRACTConnectivity is needed as an instrument for: distributing the equitable economic development; increasing the competitiveness; and distributing the equitable development to open the remoteness of the border regions, developed/underdeveloped, and remote area. Connectivity is created by water transport system as its backbone. To organize optimal water transport system, we need to integrate between the sub-system of activities (demand side), the sub-system of network (supply system), the sub-system of movement, and the sub-system of institution as a systematic framework for creating the integrated and sustainable water transport system. By using content analysis method, this paper tries to identify the conditions for the implementation of water transportation in Indonesia. It is described by the four sub-systems forming the transport system as mentioned earlier. The outcomes of this study are to analyze and to identify the suggestions and solutions on each sub-system forming the integrated water transport system. Good practice in water transport system cannot be implemented partially because all of the components and elements in it will affect each other and have systemic and cyclical correlation.
Problem solving skills are very important for every student to have. Students are still difficult to draw conclusions, understand problems, and provide reasons for the answers produced. One way to develop students' ability to solve problem solving problems is to get students to develop questions. When students make questions it is expected to understand the questions well. The strategy that can be used to familiarize students with developing questions is through the Problem Posing approach. The purpose of this study is to analyze the students' ability to develop problem solving questions. This study uses a qualitative approach with descriptive types. The subjects of this study were six students at Junior High School 3 Banda Aceh. Students 'ability in compiling problem solving questions is analyzed by categorizing the students' questions based on the type of difficulties that are seen from the structure of the language and the structure of mathematics. The results showed that students who meet the indicators understand the problem, make plans, carry out plans and check again, are able to make problems in terms of mathematical structures containing propositions to change, restate and vary, in terms of language structures containing presuppositions. Furthermore, students who meet the indicators understand the problem, make plans and implement plans, make the problems in terms of the mathematical structure containing propositions grouping and varying, in terms of the structure of the language containing the assignment propositions. The results also showed that students who met the indicators understood the problem and made a plan, were able to make the problem in terms of the mathematical structure containing the proposition restated and in terms of the language structure containing the assignment proposition. Abstrak Kemampuan pemecahan masalah sangat penting untuk dimiliki oleh setiap siswa. Siswa masih sulit untuk membuat kesimpulan, memahami permasalahan, dan memberikan alasan atas jawaban yang dihasilkan. Salah satu cara untuk mengembangkan kemampuan siswa menyelesaikan soal pemecahan masalah adalah dengan membiasakan siswa menyusun soal. Ketika siswa membuat soal diharapkan untuk memahami soal dengan baik. Strategi yang dapat digunakan untuk membiasakan siswa menyusun soal adalah melalui pendekatan Problem Posing. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menganalisis kemampuan siswa dalam menyusun soal pemecahan masalah. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan jenis deskriptif. Subjek penelitian ini adalah enam siswa pada SMP Negeri 3 Banda Aceh. Kemampuan siswa dalam menyusun soal pemecahan masalah dianalisis dengan mengkategorikan soal-soal yang dibuat siswa berdasarkan jenis kesulitannya yaitu dilihat dari struktur bahasa dan struktur matematika. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa siswa yang memenuhi indikator memahami masalah, membuat rencana, melaksanakan rencana dan memeriksa kembali, mampu membuat soal ditinjau dari struktur matematika memuat proposisi mengubah, menyatakan kembali dan memvariasikan, ditinjau dari struktur bahasa memuat proposisi pengandaian. Selanjutnya siswa yang memenuhi indikator memahami masalah, membuat rencana dan melaksanakan rencana, membuat soal ditinjau dari struktur matematika memuat proposisi mengelompokkan dan memvariasikan, ditinjau dari struktur bahasa memuat proposisi penugasan. Hasil penelitian juga menunjukkan bahwa siswa yang memenuhi indikator memahami masalah dan membuat rencana, mampu membuat soal ditinjau dari struktur matematika memuat proposisi menyatakan kembali dan ditinjau dari struktur bahasa memuat proposisi penugasan. Kata Kunci: Menyusun Soal, Problem Posing, Problem Solving
The notion of Jacobson graph and n-array Jacobson graph of a commutative ring were introduced in 2012 and 2018, respectively, by Azimi et al and Ghayour et al. In this article we generalize them to matrix Jacobson graph. Let R be a commutative ring. The matrix Jacobson graph of a ring R, denoted J ( R ) m × n , is defined as a graph with vertex set is the set of matrix of ring without the matrix of its Jacobson such that two distinct vertices A, B are adjacent if and only if 1 − det(AtB) is not a unit of ring. In this article we study the matrix Jacobson graph where the underlying ring R is a finite field. Since any matrix of size m × n over a field F can be considered as a linear mapping from linear space Fm to Fn , we employ the structure of linear mappings on finite dimensional vector spaces to derive some properties of square and non square matrix Jacobson graph of fields, including their diameters.
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