The aim of this study is to measure the efficiency of Islamic Bank in Indonesia and to analyze the factors that affect the level of efficiency. The objects of this study are ten Islamic Bank (BUS) in Indonesia which analyzes from the second quarter of 2012 until the first quarter of 2016. There are three method which are used in this study, two in first stage, namely non parametric method of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and parametric method of Stochastic Frontier Approach (SFA) then the second stage is Tobit estimaton. Overall, the results showed that the efficiency level of Islamic banks in Indonesia during the time period in this study have not reached the optimum level of efficiency yet. Tobit estimation showed that total financing, total wadiah funds, CAR, ROE, total overhead cost significantly affect the Islamic bank`s efficiency in Indonesia.

Since New Order1 regime, external debt has become one of the reliable capital sources in Indonesia. In 2017, the World Bank was incorporating Indonesia to the top ten middle-income country borrowers so it is necessary to analyze the effect of external debt ratio on economic growth. Using the debt Laffer curve theory, the authors determine the threshold of the external debt ratio. The method of analysis is quadratic regression. The research results indicate that there exists a non-linear relationship between the external debt ratio and economic growth in Indonesia. On the other hand, research results have found the threshold of external debt ratio in Indonesia is 48 per cent to Gross Domestic Product (GDP). The external debt ratio less than 48 per cent of GDP does not affect economic growth, but it will have a negative effect on economic growth when the ratio is more than 48 per cent of GDP. Keywords: external debt ratio, threshold, quadratic regression

Aspek rasionalitas filsafat Aristoteles mencapai puncaknya pada Ibnu Rusyd. Ibnu Rusyd membidas balik kritik Al-Ghazali, dan mencoba mensucikan filsafat. Beliau diakui sebagai murid Aristoteles termurni di antara para filosof muslim. Kontribusi utamanya Ibnu Rusyd terhadap filsafat Islam adalah, pertama, tesisnya tentang ragam jalur untuk mencapai kebenaran yang sama. Semua jalur yang dipakai sama-sama bisa diterima, dan didasarkan pada teori makna (the theory of meaning) yang sangat rasional dan kaya pemikiran. Kedua, Ibnu Rusyd berusaha memadukan antara filsafat dan agama setelah Al-Kindi, filosof pertama yang memadukan keduanya.Ibnu Rusyd menyerukan untuk mengikuti garis-garis pemikiran rasionalisme dan pembelaannya yang sangat heroik terhadap argumen kausalitas, sebagai jalan perjuangan demi “pembalikkan” atas situasi saat itu. Dan proyek besar Ibnu Rusyd adalah merekonstruksi dimensi rasionalitas dalam agama dan filsafat atas dasar prinsip burhani. Dia melakukan dua langkah untuk meloloskan proyeknya

The objectives of this research was to analyze the polymorphisms of SNP g.10428C>T in the SCD gene using PCR-RFLP and its association with meat charactheristics in Bali cattle. The number of 52 Bali cattle from BPTU-HTP Denpasar were used in this study and which were compared to Belgianblue (n=30), Limousine (n=14), Peranakan Ongole (PO) (n=30) and Wagyu (n=7). The polymorphism of the SCD gene was characterized by the use of the PCR-RFLP technique with HinfI enzyme restriction. The characteristics of the meat quality in Bali cattle were estimated using ultrasound imaging method. Genotyphic and allelic frequencies, heterozygosity values, and the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium have been calculated using PopGen 1.32. The association between genotypes of SNP g.10428C>T SCD gene and meat quality characteristics was calculated using t-test. The results showed that homozygous genotypes (CC and TT) and heterozygous genotypes (CT) of the SCD|HinfI gene with C (0.26) and T (0.74) allele frequencies were and  in Bali cattle. The CC genotype was found in Belgian-blue, Limousine, PO, and Wagyu cattle with the allele C frequency of 1.00. The observed heterozygosity (Ho=0.44) higher than expected heterozygosity (He=0.39) showed high diversity in Bali cattle. Genotypes of SNP g.10428C>T SCD gene were associated with backfat thickness, marbling score, and percentage of intramuscular fat. Thus the SNPs g.10428C>T have potential as marker-assisted selection candidates for Bali cattle.