Considering the fact that publications serve as an important criterion to evaluate the scienti c accomplishments of an individual within respective elds in academia, there has been an increasing trend to publish scienti c articles whereby multiple authors are de ned as primary, co-, or corresponding authors according to the roles performed. This article analyzes the authorship pattern in 4,561 papers (including 60 single-authored papers) from 1990 till 2020 of 94 academics who hold a position as professors and are a liated with the Faculty of Medicine at three di erent research universities in Malaysia. Only 708 papers (15.5% of 4,561 papers)

In Spring 1994, we taught a course called Interactive Proof Systems at TIFR, Bombay. The class met once a week for three hours. The lecture notes supplied for this course are collected in this report.We had intended to provide an introduction to the area of computational complexity for an audience with no prior exposure to Theoretical Computer Science. At the same time, we wished to include a discussion of the recent discoveries on probabilistically checkable proofs and their applications. It is hoped that these notes will be helpful to those that wish to be acquainted quickly with the background material in complexity t h e o r y a s w ell as the recent d e v elopments.Many people helped in the preparation of these notes. We thank them for their help. K. Narayan Kumar typed the Alon-Boppana proof of Razborov's theorem (Chapters 3 and 4) and prepared gure 2.1. Sivakumar Nagarajan sat up cheerfully through the wee hours of Friday nights being useful in a million ways. R. Raveendran, Anil Maheshwari, K. V. Subrahmanyam and Basant R a j a n c hipped in when things were threatening to go out of control.For four months John Barretto ensured that the copies of these notes were ready on time. It mattered little that we never got our work done he always got his done on time. On many occasions he came to the o ce at unearthly hours (often on holidays) to keep his word. Can we ever thank John enough?People with varying backgrounds, drawn from various groups and institutions, participated in the course. Not everyone managed to attend all the lectures other academic commitments, travel out of town and our own inability to hold their attention came in the way. The course was attended by: