Background of study: Non-specific low back pain (LBP) becomes the most common cases in University population. Prolonged sitting has been identified as one of the factors leading to non-specific LBP among University population. The purpose of the study is to identify the change of functional disability in non-specific LBP among university population after PNF and McKenzie method. Methods: A quasi-experimental study involving 36 subjects (students and office workers) from the university population. The study population were selected from students and office worker of KPJ Healthcare University College (KPJUC) who met the inclusion criteria. The subjects were divided into three treatment groups: PNF group, McKenzie group and control group (hot pack and educational home exercise sheet) which underwent 12 treatment sessions distributed over three times in a week for four weeks duration. Subjects were measured on functional disability by Oswestry Disability Index (ODI). Measurement was performed at pre-test, mid-test and post-test. Repeated measures ANOVA was used to analyse the effectiveness of PNF and McKenzie treatments based on the measurement time. Result: This study showed that the PNF and McKenzie gave effect in improving ODI score in within group analysis. However, the results of PNF showed that it has more effect than McKenzie method on functional disability score (p <0.05) after 4 weeks. Conclusion: There was a change in functional disability on non-specific LBP after PNF and McKenzie method. Furthermore, the study findings showed that the PNF exercise has more effect in improving functional disability compared to McKenzie method on non-specific LBP among university population.

Background of the study: One of the factors leading to non-specific low back pain among University students and staff is prolonged sitting. Exercise therapy is one of the mainstays in the management of non-specific low back pain. One of the most common exercise therapy for non-specific low back pain is the McKenzie method, whereas the Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF) exercise is seldom been used to treat non-specific low back pain cases. Objective: The purpose of the study was to find the effectiveness PNF and McKenzie method on non-specific low back pain among University population. Methods: A randomized clinical trial involving 36 subjects (students and staffs) from the University population. The subjects were randomly chosen and assigned to three treatment groups: PNF group, McKenzie group and control group (hot pack and educational home exercise sheet) which underwent 12 treatment sessions distributed over three times in a week for four weeks duration. Subjects were measured on pain score using visual analogue scale. Measurement was performed at three points: pretest, mid-test and post-test. Repeated measures ANOVA were used to analyse the difference within each group and ANOVA used between the groups in order to find and compare the effectiveness of three treatments. Result: This study showed that there was significant mean difference between PNF and McKenzie method on pain score (p <0.05) after 4 weeks. Conclusion: The study findings showed that PNF exercise has more effect than McKenzie method on reduction of pain among non-specific low back pain among University population.

Background and objectives:This study focused on exploring the relationship between handgrip strength and Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) among cardiac disease patients.Methods:This is a crosssectional study. The study conducted at KPJ Damansara Specialist Hospital. Subjects were recruited based on selection criteria as set by the study protocol involved 50 subjects and it was carried out in among conservative management cardiac patients. Main outcome measures was to measure the handgrip strength using Jamar hand dynamometer and the LVEF was assessed by echocardiography. Spearman-rank correlation and simple linear regression analysis were used to analyse the study results. Results:There was a relationship found between bilateral handgrip strength and LVEF among cardiac patients with dominant handgrip strength showed higher correlation value, ρ= 0.375 (p< 0.05) as compared to the non-dominant handgrip strength ρ= 0.334 (p<0.05). However, there was no significant relationship found between dominant and non-dominant handgrip strength and LVEF among male subject with ρ=0.102 (p0.546) and ρ0.155 (p0.360). There were also non-significant relationship between non-dominant handgrip strength and LVEF among female subject ρ=0.348 (p0.203) but significant positive relationship for dominant handgrip strength with LVEF ρ=0.500 (p0.030). Simple linear regression analysis demonstrated an interaction between non-dominant handgrip strength and LVEF (R²=.081, p <0.05) with small effect size.Conclusion:The correlation analysis of the present study demonstrated relationship between bilateral handgrip strength with ventricular function. The subgroup analysis between the genders showed there was significant relationship found between dominant handgrip strength and LVEF among female subject only. Therefore, handgrip strength able provides valid information about ventricular function as the variables were related among female individuals with cardiac disease.

Purpose: Intra-rater reliability refers to the consistency of measurements demonstrated in similar assessment situation at two different times by the same examiner which also refers to test-retest. Interrater reliability test denotes the consistency of assessments performed by two different examiners. The objective of the study was to determine the inter-rater and intra-rater reliability between experienced and non-experienced physiotherapist on 90-90 active knee extension test using goniometer among healthy college students. Methodology: This study method is a reliability design in determining hamstring flexibility among 42 young healthy college students