Substance use disorder (SUD) has both social and public health problems with a substantial burden to society. SUD is a type of mental illness and has been described as a chronic relapsing disease. Treatments for SUD may include among others, psychosocial rehabilitation as a provision to comprehensive treatment to address the social and behavioral issues. These psychosocial components can address the issues of morality, spirituality, and religion. Religion and spirituality are believed to support SUD clients in the reduction of drug use, other associated high-risk behaviors, and criminal issues. In promoting treatment retention, it is important to reduce the drug use, maintain abstinence, and influence the self-esteem and coping ability of SUD clients. Hence, this review was conducted to determine the effects of psychosocial and spiritual support towards clients with substance abuse problem. We had followed the framework from Arksey and O’Malley’s scoping review in identifying published studies from specific databases to be included in this review. A total of 8560 articles from various databases were screened. After removing duplicates, two authors independently screened 244 titles and abstracts. A total of eighteen articles were included in the final review. Out of eighteen studies, seventeen studies found that psychosocial support and spiritual needs have positive effect among substance abuse clients. Psychosocial and spiritual supports are beneficial among SUD clients due to various potential factors, such as religious reasons, personal beliefs or philosophical reasons, safety concerns, and a desire for improvements from substance abuse.

INTRODUCTION: Drug addiction and drug abuse is a serious public health problem worldwide. Millions of people worldwide suffered from drug use disorders, directly and indirectly, attributable to drug use and included deaths related to HIV and hepatitis C acquired through unsafe injecting practices. Many parts of the world have a shortfall in prevention and treatment for drug use disorders, with only less than 10% of people with drug use disorders receiving treatment yearly. Medication-assisted treatment of opioid dependence like Methadone is used in maintenance therapy or detoxification helps people with drug use disorders. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Secondary data from an existing electronic dataset in Ministry of Health (MOH) from 2015 until 2019, which includes registered patients who had undergone Methadone Maintenance Therapy (MMT) either government or private facilities were included. The dataset divided into few domains namely socio-demographic, treatment modalities, clinic location and history of infection. RESULTS: A total of 37 various government and private facilities deliver MMT programme in the state of Selangor offered to a total of 5337 patients. The youngest patients were in the early twenties and oldest were in late seventies. The median age of patients was 45 years and the majority were males. Most of them were having secondary education (SPM holder) and below. Most of MMT programme takers were opioid drug users then followed by Amphetamine Type Stimulant (ATS) as the second most used. Among MMT programme takers, about 34.1% were reactive for Hepatitis C, 6.6% reactive for HIV, 4.2% reactive for Hepatitis B and 1.7% acquired tuberculosis infection. Almost 5% of MMT takers had passed away, which the three main causes of death were AIDS, alleged motor vehicle accident and septic shock. None of MMT takers was died due to methadone. CONCLUSION: It is a great concern of the nation in combating drug-related problems due to the growing number of substance abusers. This review concluded that the MMT programme that widely available had shown a positive outcome by keeping lower mortality among MMT patients.