Fermented milk quality is strongly influenced by raw materials, processing, fermentation and storage. Changes in nutritional value may occur due to variations and fluctuations in temperature and storage will accelerate damage fermented milk. The research aimed to study the effect of temperature and different storage length of fermented milk on the growth of L. casei and characteristics of fermented milk. The study used completely randomized design (CRD) with factorial pattern which are consisted of two factors. Factor A (storage temperature) they were a 1 =4-10 ⁰ C, a 2 =10-16 ⁰ C. Factor B (storage time) they were b 1 =0 days,

Pain is a symptom of infection in the body but becomes crucial if it is not treated properly. Pain medication could be managed by administering anti-pain medications (analgesics). Currently, not all commercially available analgesic drugs can be used in animals, due to biochemical and metabolic variations between species causing difficulties in dosage determination and drug administration to the patient. This condition affects the drug efficacy which is incompatible with clinical relevance, has a narrow therapeutic index (NTS), and toxic. Wedelia biflora plants contain triterpenoid compounds that have received considerable attention from paramedics and pharmaceuticals, due to its ability as a therapeutic agent for chemopreventive, analgesic-antipyretic, anti-inflammatory and cancer. The purpose of this study was to obtain the basic ingredients of analgesic drugs. The 60 rats aged 3 months with bodyweight ranged 150-200 g were used in this study and divided into 2 experiments. In the first experiment, 30 rats were divided into 5 groups : K1 (control group) were given aquadest, the K2 was given 0.5 mg/ml meloxicam drug, the groups K3, K4, and K5 were given Wedelia biflora leaf extract with dose of 40 mg/kg BW, 50 mg/kg BW, and 60 mg/kg BW, respectively. The observation was carried out on pain response and blood profile of the rats. In the second experiment, the reflex righting of the rats in 5 group treatments were observed after administered with Wedelia biflora leaves extract at dose of 40, 50, 60, 120, and 240 mg/kg BW, respectively. Central pain test was carried out using tail emersion method and hot plate, while righting reflexes were observed starting from, 30, 60, 120, 240 and 360 minutes after giving sernai leaf extract. The results showed that the Wedelia biflora leaves have the ability as analgesic in the rat without altering the blood profile, and also poses a positive effect on reflex righting.

This study was conducted to explore the effect of methanolic extract of Veithcia merrillii on mortality time and histopathological changes of Fasciola gigantica in vitro. This study used 25 adult flukes of F. gigantica, divided into five groups: C0 as negative control (0.9% PBS), C1 as positive control (0.024mg/ml albendazole), and treatment groups were P1, P2, and P3 used 10%, 25% and 50% extract, respectively. The observation was carried out every 15 minutes to monitor the motility and mortality of each treatment group. Mortality time of each group was determined by score index and analyzed descriptively. Dead flukes from each group were then prepared for histological examination. The results revealed that 50% of V. merrillii extract (P3) had the same mortality time as C1, where all the flukes died after 30 minutes of treatment. Group P2 had a longer mortality time at 45 minutes and P1 was at 75 minutes. Histopathological observation showed alteration on some organs for C1 and treatment groups, including separation of flukes tegument from parenchyma, vacuolization, and disintegration of testis. From the results it can be concluded that methanolic extract of V. merrillii at 25% and 50% concentration was effective as anthelmintic on F. gigantica in vitro.

Broilers are chickens with high meat production. The productivity of broiler is seen from the percentage of carcass and abdominal fat. This study aims to determine the effect of giving fermented coconut pulp (Cocos nucifera L) on the percentage of carcass and abdominal fat of broilers. This study used a completely randomized design experimental method (CRD) consisting of 6 treatments and 6 replications so that the total observations were 36 units of observation. Each treatment had P1: 100% commercial feed without fermented coconut dregs, P2: 90% commercial feed + 10% fermented coconut dregs, P3: 80% commercial feed + 20% fermented coconut dregs, P4: 70% commercial feed + 30 % fermented coconut dregs, P5: 60% commercial feed + 40% fermented coconut dregs, P6 : 50% commercial feed + 50% fermented coconut dregs. The data were analyzed using the analysis of variance which was preceded by the battle test, followed by the Tukey test using the SPSS program. The analysis of variance showed significantly different results (P0.05) on the percentage of carcass and abdominal fat of the broiler. Tukey's follow-up test on the carcass showed a significant difference (P0.05) and there was no significant difference in fat (P0.05). It can be concluded that the supplementary feed of fermented coconut pulp can be used 40% as additional feed to increase the carcass percentage but not reduce the broiler abdominal fat percentage.

Yeast and lactic acid bacteria are often used as probiotics. This study aimed to determine the effect of giving yeast and LAB probiotic using fruit waste as a microbial medium on the productivity of tiger shrimp postlarvae (Panaeus monodon). As many as 120 tiger shrimp post-larvae were acclimatized for 2 days. The tiger shrimps post-larvae were divided into 4 treatments; a control group tiger shrimp post larvae without given yeast and LAB probiotic (P0); treatment 1 (P1); treatment 2 (P2) and treatment 3 (P3) in sequence shrimp post larvae given 25 ml; 50 ml; and 75 ml yeast and LAB probiotic/15 L of water. Yeast and LAB probiotic was given in shrimps post-larvae live media for 3 weeks(once per week). Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) following the Duncan test. The results of this study showed that yeast and LAB probiotic at a dose 25ml/15 L of water can increase the growth of tiger shrimp post-larvae, reduce the amount of Vibrio sp. and maintain the quality of tiger shrimp post larvae environment.