This paper aims to examine the determinants of disclosure of individual executive directors' remuneration in Malaysia. The individual disclosure of executive directors' remuneration was continuously tracked from 2000 to 2008, a period of evolving regulatory framework. Using panel logit regression, the study incorporated agency theory, legitimacy theory, signaling theory and proprietary costs into the research framework. The multivariate analysis showed that there were significant associations between family ownership, government ownership, director ownership, proportion of independent directors, audit quality and company size and the disclosure of individual executive director's remuneration.

This study examined the level of voluntary disclosure of executive directors' remuneration in Malaysia. The study period covered a period of significant changes in the Malaysian regulatory framework on disclosure over 2000 to 2008. It applied an un-weighted disclosure index to determine a voluntary disclosure score that was determined as score of excess of the mandatory disclosure requirements. The study found a significant improvement in the level of voluntary score after the introduction of the reforms. However, they appeared to be exploitation of the weaknesses in the reforms that limited their effectiveness in improving the disclosure of executive directors' remuneration.

This book, Basics of Consolidation of Financial Statements, presents a step-by-step approach in learning the basics concepts in consolidation of financial statements. Rather than focusing on complex explanations and discussions, this book explains consolidation of financial statements using simple concepts. The book is intended primarily for students who are at the advanced stage of financial accounting and reporting course. To prepare consolidated financial statements, it is essential for students to equip themselves with strong understanding of the basic concepts of consolidation. Therefore, the aim of this book is to provide accounting students with a framework for learning these basic concepts in consolidation. Each chapter of the books offers examples, comprehensive illustrations, exercises and problems for students to tackle at different stages of the consolidation so that the students understanding on the concepts and techniques of consolidations is strengthened.

Voluntary disclosure is additional information beyond mandatory disclosure. Nowadays, the information sources available for stakeholders to make informed decision are not limited to annual reports. The first publication on voluntary disclosure started in 1979. As of January 12, 2020, a total of 520 publications on voluntary disclosure in the subject areas business, management, accounting, economics and finance were retrieved from Scopus core collection and analyzed. The study used bibliometric analysis to summarize the state of knowledge and development trends of voluntary disclosure. The study enhanced our understanding of the firms' information environment which is critical for the functioning of an efficient capital market in promoting corporate transparency.

Learning outcomes The case is appropriate for courses in financial accounting and reporting, audit and assurance, forensic accounting, accounting practice and regulations and corporate governance. After studying the case, students should be able to explain the concept of control and power under IFRS; explain the concept of economic; discuss audit committee and external auditor independence issues and ways to strengthen auditor’s independence; assess the usefulness of the new extended audit report; and evaluate the role of gatekeepers such as financial analysts, audit committee, external auditor, institutional investors and regulators in enhancing the quality of financial reporting. Case overview/synopsis This case focuses on the accounting policy choices of the foreign associates of AirAsia Berhad. AirAsia Berhad is a phenomenal success, from a debt laden company to having been voted as World’s Best Low-Cost Airline in the annual World Airline Survey by Skytrax for eight consecutive years from 2009 to 2016 and the World’s Leading Low-Cost Airline in the annual World Travel Awards for four consecutive years from 2013 to 2016. In June 2015, an analyst report was leaked, and it led to heated discussion and exchanges in the market. The report questioned the non-consolidation of AirAsia Berhad associates. The share market also reacted. Various players in the market came into foray with their statements and opinions on the merit of the accounting policy choice by AirAsia Berhad. Whose views actually reflect the nature of accounting policy choice that is true and fair? Are these gatekeepers attesting to the accounting crux of substance over form? Complexity academic level Senior undergraduates; MBA; EMBA Supplementary materials Teaching Notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email support@emeraldinsight.com to request teaching notes. Subject code CSS: 1: Accounting and Finance