Abstrak— Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dan jenis penelitianekperimen. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas XI SMA Islam ParlaunganSidoarjo. Instrument penelitian ini meliputi, angket dan tes. Uji yang dilakukan merupakan ujiindependen sampel t test, uji regresi linier sederhana dan uji regresi linier berganda. Hasilpenelitian diperoleh a) Tidak ada perbedaan rata – rata tingkat kecemasan yang diberikanModel pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Reciprocal Teaching dengan yang diberikan modelpembelajaran kooperatif tipe STAD. b) Ada perbedaan rata – rata kemandirian belajar yangdiberikan Model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Reciprocal Teaching dengan yang diberikanmodel pembelajaran kooperatif tipe STAD. c) Ada perbedaan rata – rata Hasil Posttest yangdiberikan Model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Reciprocal Teaching dengan yang diberikanmodel pembelajaran kooperatif tipe STAD. d) Tidak ada pengaruh yang signifikan antaratingkat kecemasan terhadap hasil belajar. e) Ada pengaruh yang signifikan antara kemandirianbelajar terhadap hasil belajar. f) Tidak ada pengaruh yang signifikan antara tingkat kecemasanterhadap hasil belajar.
This study explores writing assessment media used by English teachers in offline and online assessment procedures during the last Covid-19 pandemic. This qualitative study incorporates a case study design with five English teachers of junior high schools serving as research participants selected purposively. The data for this study were gathered using semi-structured interviews with English teachers and students writing documents. The study results indicate that English teachers utilized different media in their offline and online assessments. For the offline activities, they used conventional paper-based media to collect writing samples, administer written tests, and conduct writing projects to measure students' attainment levels of their writing skills. For the online activities, they used platforms familiar to them, including Google Classroom, Google Form, and WhatsApp, and most of them assessed their students using multiple choice questions; yet some of the teachers did paper-based tests but submitted them to the online media. The teachers used rubrics for both assessment modes and provided feedback accordingly. One important implication of this research for post-pandemic English teaching underscores the significance of teachers' initiatives of alternating offline and online media to assess students' writing skills and maximize students' learning experiences in response to actual classroom constraints and opportunities.ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi berbagai bentuk media penilaian menulis yang digunakan oleh guru bahasa Inggris dalam kegiatan offline dan online selama Covid-19. Penelitian ini menggunakan studi kualitatif dengan desain studi kasus. Partisipan penelitian ini meliputi lima guru bahasa Inggris di sekolah menengah pertama yang dipilih dengan teknik purposive sampling. Instrumen penelitian menggunakan wawancara semi-terstruktur untuk setiap guru bahasa Inggris dan dokumen tulisan siswa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa guru bahasa Inggris menggunakan dan menerapkan media penilaian menulis yang berbeda dalam kegiatan luring dan daring selama dan pasca pandemi Covid-19. Selama kegiatan offline, guru bahasa Inggris menggunakan kertas sebagai media produk tulisan, tes tertulis, dan proyek untuk menilai tulisan siswa. Sementara itu, selama kegiatan daring, guru bahasa Inggris menggunakan media platform daring seperti Google Classroom, Google Form, dan WhatsApp; guru menilai dengan menggunakan pertanyaan pilihan ganda namun beberapa guru masih menggunakan kertas untuk dikirimkan ke media tersebut. Guru bahasa Inggris menggunakan rubrik khusus dan memberikan umpan balik dalam menilai tulisan siswa selama kegiatan offline dan online. Pengalaman baru dalam mengintegrasikan media penilaian alternatif dalam menulis dapat bermanfaat bagi guru bahasa Inggris dan siswa, terutama untuk membantu tugas menulis.
During the Covid-19 situation, the online classroom activities assist teachers and students in achieving the learning objectives. The objectives of this study were to know students' performances and obstacles in the online descriptive writing English language classroom. The qualitative method was used as the research design. The data were collected through open-ended questionnaires, semi-interviews, and documents. The study involved one teacher and 30 students in senior high school through purposive sampling. The results indicated that students' performances were mostly good in the online descriptive writing learning activities following their high motivation and great attitude to participate in the online classroom. However, some problems persisted, such as a lack of vocabulary and confusion in generic structure text and grammatical use. In addition, the internet connection has become the main problem supporting students' performance during online classroom activities. Hence, adding more supporting and proper activities that can be applied online is needed. ABSTRAKSelama Covid-19, kegiatan kelas online membantu guru dan siswa untuk mencapai tujuan pembelajaran. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kinerja siswa dan hambatan dalam menulis deskriptif online kelas bahasa Inggris. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode kualitatif. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui angket terbuka, semi wawancara, dan dokumen. Penelitian ini melibatkan satu orang guru dan 30 siswa SMA melalui purposive sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kinerja siswa sebagian besar baik dalam kegiatan pembelajaran menulis deskriptif online karena motivasi tinggi dan sikap mereka yang baik untuk berpartisipasi dalam kelas online. Namun, beberapa masalah masih tetap ada seperti kurangnya kosa kata dan kebingungan dalam memahami struktur teks umum dan penggunaan tata bahasa. Selain itu, koneksi internet menjadi kendala utama untuk menunjang kinerja siswa selama kegiatan kelas online. Oleh karena itu, sangat penting untuk menambah lebih banyak kegiatan yang mendukung dan tepat yang dapat diterapkan melalui online sangat diperlukan.
English teachers and students face difficulties grasping the meaning, leading to misunderstanding. This study aims to analyses the use of conversational implicature focusing on instructional communication in an English classroom. The research used qualitative methodology and descriptive analysis as the design. The instrument consisted of observations and documentation. The research data used video recording during an English classroom process. The participants of this study involved an English teacher and students in grade 5 at an Islamic private elementary school. This study used an interactive analysis model consisting of collection, reduction, conclusion and verification. This study indicated that English teachers and students used the four maxims of conversational implicature focusing on instructional communication, with 18 utterances. The maxim of quantity consisted of 3 utterances. The maxim of relation consisted of 5 utterances. The maxim of manner consisted of 4 utterances. The most dominant conversational implicature was the maxim of quality consisting of 6 utterances. It showed that the interaction between English teachers and students needs to provide factual and accurate information. Therefore, it becomes necessary for English teachers and students to understand the language's meaning in instructional communication by involving the conversational implicature or four maxims, particularly in elementary school.
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