The world’s Industrial Revolution 4.0 and Society 5.0 are massively utilising the Internet of Things, Big Data, Artificial Intelligence and Robotic technology to solve various challenges and social problems. The challenge for the government now is to fully utilise these technologies to improve public services and government administrations. This study focuses on the transformation process of an e-government to become a digital government. The study aims to analyse the current development of e-government in Indonesia and the barriers to implement it as well as to propose how to transform from being an e-government to becoming a digital government. It uses a qualitative approach supported by secondary data. Focus Group Discussion was held in May 2019 to identify e-government barriers factors. The secondary data, meanwhile, was collected through e-government surveys published by the United Nations and E-government Evaluation issued by Indonesia’s Ministry of Empowerment Apparatus and Bureaucracy Reform. Data obtained was analysed using descriptive analysis techniques. Study shows that the development of Indonesia’s e-government is slow and lags behind other ASEAN countries. The E-government index in government institutions is not on target. There is a gap between the e-government indexes and central institutions and gaps between the Provincial and Regency / City Governments. The barriers factors of e-government are: (1) Regulations are not sufficient enough to encourage and guide e-government (2) Lack of data integration; (3) Gaps in the availability of ICT infrastructure between regions; (4) Limited ICT competence and, (5) Bureaucratic culture and leadership. Keywords: Indonesia, e-government, digital transformation, barrier factor, qualitative methodology.

AbstrakPetani lahan kering belum berperan mendukung ketahanan pangan. Sebagian besar petani adalah petani kecil dengan kapasitas yang rendah untuk menghasilkan pangan. Penelitian bertujuan merumuskan rekomendasi kebijakan untuk meningkatkan kapasitas petani kecil untuk mendukung ketahanan pangan. Data dikumpulkan menggunakan beberapa instrumen: kuesioner, wawancara dan fokus group diskusi. Analisis data menggunakan statistik deskriptif dan Structural Equation Model (SEM). Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa karakteristik dan kapasitas petani kecil berada pada kategori rendah, berpengaruh terhadap tingkat ketahanan pangan yang rendah. Rekomendasi kebijakan meningkatkan kapasitas petani kecil untuk menciptakan ketahanan pangan melalui: menyelenggarakan pelatihan dan penyuluhan secara partisipatif, meningkatkan kualitas peran pendamping da peneliti dalam proses pemberdayaan, meningkatkan akses petani terhadap input, fasilitas modal, dan pasar, memberikan insentif agar petani mau berusaha sampingan serta meningkatkan koordinasi antara institusi pemerintah dan stakeholder. Kata kunci: Kapasitas, Ketahanan pangan, Petani kecil, Lahan Kering. AbstractLand dry farmers have not enrole in supporting food security. Most of the farmer are the peasants with low capacity to produce food. The purpose of the research is to formulate policy recommendation to increase capacity of the peasants for support food security. The data were collected using following techniques: questionnaire, interview and focus group discussion. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and structural equation modelling (SEM). The research results showed that the peasant characteristics and the peasants capacity are within low category, influencing the level of food security. The Government are expected actively to increase the peasants capacity by optimizing efforts: providing extension and training in participatory ways; increasing role of facilitator and researcher in empowerment process, increasing the peasants' access to production input, credit facilities and wider markets, give incentive to the peasants so that they can do double working, as well as increasing coordination between government institutions and stakeholder.

Pembangunan pertanian belum menciptakan petani yang berdaya. Sebagian besar petani Indonesia adalah petani kecil yang pendapatan rendah, sehingga tergolong penduduk miskin. Kondisi ini menyebabkan ketidaktahanan pangan pada sebagian besar keluarga petani. Penelitian bermaksud untuk merumuskan strategi peningkatan keberdayaan petani kecil menuju ketahanan pangan. Data dikumpulkan pada Bulan Maret-Mei 2012 menggunakan metode: observasi, wawancara dan focus group discussion. Analisis data menggunakan statistik deskriptif dan structural equation modeling (SEM). Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa: (1) Keberdayaan petani kecil berada pada kategori rendah, dipengaruhi oleh lemahnya faktor-faktor: kualitas penyelenggaraan program, peran agen (pendamping/penyuluh/petugas), akses dan dukungan lingkungan, karakteristik petani kecil dan ketepatan proses pembelajaran. (2) Karakteristik petani dan keberdayaan petani kecil yang tergolong rendah berpengaruh terhadap rendahnya ketahanan pangan keluarga petani kecil. Strategi peningkatan keberdayaan untuk meningkatkan ketahanan pangan petani kecil melalui upaya perbaikan: kualitas penyelenggaraan program, peran pendamping, akses dan dukungan lingkungan, karakteristik petani kecil dan proses pembelajaran petani kecil. Kata kunci: pemberdayaan, keberdayaan, petani kecil, ketahanan pangan STRATEGY EMPOWERMENT TOWARDS SMALLHOLDERS FOOD SECURITY ABSTRACT. Agricultural development has not created an empowered farmer. Most of the farmers in Indonesia are the peasants who have low incomes, so that they are inclue the poor. This condition causes food insecurity in most of the peasant families. The research intended to formulate strategy to increase ability of the peasants towards food security. The data were collected started on March-May 2012 using some methods: observation, interview and focus group discussion. Data has analyzed by using descriptively and structural equation modelling. The research results showed that: (1) The ability of the peasants is low, due to weak factors: quality of program implementation, the role of agents of development (facilitators/program official/extension officers), access and environment support, the peasants characteristics and The learning process of the peasants (2) The characteristics of the peasants and the peasants ability at low category affect low food security of the peasant families. (3) Strategy to improve the ability of the peasants by optimizing efforts: the implementation of the program, increasing the role and competence agents of development, increasing access and support environment, improving the characteristics of the peasatns and increasing the peasants learning process.

The implementation of regional innovation has not been effective in improving public services and regional competitiveness. Several factors are considered to be an obstacle to implementing regional innovation, namely regulation, institutions, culture and leadership. The purpose of this study is to analyze the readiness of innovation support factors and also to analyze the relationship between these factors in the implementation of regional innovation. Data were collected by interviews and questionnaires distributed in July, August, and September 2016 in 7 (seven) Districts selected to represent HDI High areas, such as Palembang, Surakarta, Bandung and Batam and also represented Low HDI areas: Pesawaran, Bangkalan, and West Lombok. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistic and Pearson Correlation with SPSS ver.16 program. The results showed that the readiness of factors of factorization interpretation, regulatory readiness, leadership, innovation culture, and facilities and infrastructure were in high category, while the preparedness factor from the coordination and facilitation faced by stakeholders was also low category cooperation. The results show that all the factors supporting innovation except for facilitation and coordination in high HDI areas are superior to low HDI areas. The relationship between the supporting factors reveals that there are three types of relationships: very important, important, and not very important. Local innovation development strategies consist of core strategies and support strategies.

The lack of village apparatus capacity has caused government implementation, development and community services not optimal. The purpose of the study is to analyze the level of capacity of village government of�icials on aspects of knowledge, attitudes and skills. This study is a quantitative study that uses causality-descriptive analysis. Data were collected in August and September 2016 in Bogor Regency and analyzed using descriptive statistics. The results of the analysis concluded that the village of�icials capacity was quite suf�icient, but had not optimally supported the village governance implementation. This capacity building can be reach through increasing intensity, extending time and inland materials, along with technical practices in village development planning and �inancial management in education and training. Increasing assistance (through the Village facilitates involvement and Village Observer Institutions) is also needed in addition to increasing the intensity of the Village Law socialization and implementing regulations.