Rural off-grid electrification is always very challenging due to mostly using limited output renewable energy source such as solar power system. Owing to its nature of power generation that depends on weather condition, the reliability in power provision is often affected by uncontrolled overwhelming usage or bad weather condition. Total power system blackout that frequently happens not only disturb the night activity routine but also can be life threatening if the rural community is unable to initiate telephony communication with the outside world during state of emergency due to power outage. In order to reduce the frequency of total system blackout caused by the reasons mentioned, we proposed a priority-based energy distribution scheme to assist the off-grid standalone solar power system to improve the overall operating hours of the critical appliances in rural areas. The scheme takes into consideration of criticality of the home appliances as defined by the rural users, so that the system would distribute power supply based on the current state of the system with an objective to prolong the service availability of the critical appliances that matter the most to the users. The scheme has been evaluated under simulated scenario and has shown a 100% operation availability of the critical appliance is achievable even during bad weather season that has very low solar input.

The traffic lights control system is broadly implemented to track and control the flow of vehicles through the intersection of multiple roads. Nevertheless, the synchronization of traffic light system at adjacent junctions is an intricate issue given the different parameters involved. Existing traffic light control systems do not control many flows approaching the same junctions. This results in traffic jams and congestion at urban areas or major cities with high volume traffic consisting of various types of vehicles. This includes emergency ambulances travelling on the same traffic junction during peak hour traffic. Thus, an enhanced traffic light control system is imperative to provide a smooth and free flow for an ambulance on the way to its destination. The Smart Ambulance Traffic Control System proposed in this paper is an integrated system of traffic light control for emergency ambulance service. The traffic lights can be controlled in a timely and efficient manner every time an emergency ambulance is approaching. The Radio-Frequency Identification (RFID) is used as an instrument to communicate with traffic lights during traffic congestion. The emergency ambulance driver needs to activate the RFID tag to allow the detection of RFID readers to control the traffic light operation at the upcoming traffic light junctions. The traffic lights in the path of the ambulance are forced to be green to allow the emergency ambulance to pass through the junction with top priority. Immediately after the ambulance has passed the junction, the control system will reset and return to normal operations.