No abstract

Wearable technology to augment traditional approaches are increasingly being added to the arsenals of treatment providers. Wearable technology generally refers to electronic systems, devices, or sensors that are usually worn on or are in close proximity to the human body. Wearables may be stand-alone or integrated into materials that are worn on the body. What sets medical wearables apart from other systems is their ability to collect, store, and relay information regarding an individual’s current body status to other devices operating on compatible networks in naturalistic settings. The last decade has witnessed a steady increase in the use of wearables specific to the orofacial region. Applications range from supplementing diagnosis, tracking treatment progress, monitoring patient compliance, and better understanding the jaw’s functional and parafunctional activities. Orofacial wearable devices may be unimodal or incorporate multiple sensing modalities. The objective data collected continuously, in real time, in naturalistic settings using these orofacial wearables provide opportunities to formulate accurate and personalized treatment strategies. In the not-too-distant future, it is anticipated that information about an individual’s current oral health status may provide patient-centric personalized care to prevent, diagnose, and treat oral diseases, with wearables playing a key role. In this review, we examine the progress achieved, summarize applications of orthodontic relevance and examine the future potential of orofacial wearables.

An experimental study has been made of the drag resistance of burning drops. Distance-time records of single freely falling drops of iso-pentane n-heptane and benzene, burning in cold, 100% oxygen atmospheres, were obtained. The records were obtained by a specially designed photographic technique and a technique for the measurement of time intervals between successive flashes of the repetitive flashing equipment. The drag coefficients and Reynolds numbers were obtained from the distance-time records by using a computer. Experiments were conducted, mostly for drops 4:2 mm. in size and in the Reynolds number range 90 to 300. The drop could support two types of flames, i.e. side flames and envelope flames. The drag coefficients for all fuels with side flames was less than the standard drag coefficient. The coefficients with envelope flames were higher than the standard value on the basis of approach properties, but were well below the standard value on the basis of the mean properties for the vicinity of the drop. The ratio of coefficients with and without combustion decreased with decreasing Reynolds numbers. It is believed that for burning drops, the effect of evaporation, which tends to decrease drag resistances and the effect of increased temperatures, which increase the viscous forces, nearly cancel each other out in the experimental region studied. iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The author wishes to thank Dr. P. Eisenklam for his invaluable guidance and supervision throughout this work. The author also wishes to gratefully acknowledge the help of Dr. N. Dombrowski and Mr. Tyley of the electronics workshop in the development of the experimental technique. The kind help of Mr. J. Weston and Miss P.E. Taylor in the preparation of the thesis proved invaluable.

Congestion on land, hike in fuel costs, and critical need to cut down environmental emissions have generated the urge to shift from conventional rail transit systems to metro rail and high-speed rail for a mass mode of transportation. The conventional railway network especially in India stages an effective space in the means of mass transit systems. Subsequently, periodic inspection of the state of railway tracks is vital for ensuring rail safety, as tracks are critical components of train transportation networks. Tracks are designed to withstand zero critical incidents, and with the advent of new high-speed train services, there is a greater need to focus on track performance. Track maintenance methods are customized to suit local conditions for enhancing safety and reducing disruptions while guaranteeing the resilience and sustainability of any rail system. In recent years, various aspects of the TMSs (track maintenance systems) have been introduced within the railway industry for both ballasted and ballastless track systems. This study reviewed various approaches to track maintenance measures using traditional methods, statistical methods, and geometry-based methods based on track deterioration. Among all the reviewed methods, track maintenance based on the geometry is said to cater to the needs of the maintainers. The outcomes of this study are expected to support and assist in track maintenance decisions in the railway industry.

No abstract