Avian cell lines derived from germinal crescent primordial germ cells and gonadal gonocytes with long-term proliferative capacity in vitro and their subsequent rates of colonization and germline transmission are described. In general, male cultures proliferate more rapidly than female cultures although both can be developed into cell lines of >2 × 10(6) cells, at which time, they can be grown indefinitely and a cell bank can be established. All the cell lines injected into embryos transmitted through the germline with the percentage of germline transmission of both male and female cell lines varying from single digits to the high 90s. The derivation of these primordial germ cell and gonadal cell lines and the subsequent robustness of germline transmission validates these cells as suitable for establishment of lines of chickens bearing novel genetic modifications.

Energy is the major constraint in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). The mobile sinks are used to reduce the energy consumption of nodes and to prevent the formation of energy holes in WSNs. Depending on the path taken by the mobile sink, particularly in delay-sensitive applications; data sensed must be collected within a given time period. Few approaches used for this challenge is Rendezvous Point (RPs), Weighted Rendezvous Planning (WRP). These approaches lead to problems in identifying the optimal tour path and balancing the energy consumption of sensor nodes to avoid the formation of energy holes. To overcome this drawback, Dynamic Routing Method is proposed. In this approach, if there is energy drop in RPs, then that particular RP is removed from cluster head and another nearby node which contains a high amount of energy is designated as RP, by which we can improve the lifetime of the network, Efficient data forwarding, and delay is reduced. Network simulator version 2 is used for simulation; simulation is done with WRP existing versus Dynamic Routing Method proposed. In the proposed system, energy consumption is constant throughout the data transfer whereas existing work energy level found to be varying. Packet delay is reduced by 30 percentage in the proposed system with throughput being high and constant. High energy first algorithm is used in the proposed system to select the cluster head. Here the cluster head is selected dynamically, so the Cluster Head (CH) failure is avoided here thereby overcoming all the disadvantages of the existing system. In future work, we are going to save the energy of the individual node by sleep/active nodes. To active the node, we are going to use a handshaking process as well as to sleep. In case, any node needs to send data to base station then sender and receiver should be in active mode, remaining nodes can go to sleep.

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